Multiplexing
Multiplexing
.
Multiplexing
t
PCM Line Sampling
• Sampling rate = 8,000 samples/second – how?
1 DS0 = 64 Kb/s
PDH Bit Rates
Europe North America Japan
DS1Signal Derivation
DS1 Frame
F CH 1 CH 2 CH 19 CH 20 CH 21 CH 22 CH 23 CH 24
Pleisochronous Multiplexing
MUX
o TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
MUX
OLTE
o REGENERATOR
X BLOCK (INSTALLED IN THE MUX RACK)
Alarms Alarms
MUX
JUMP MUX
2 Mbps
2 Mbps
M13 MUX 34 Mbps
2 Mbps
2 Mbps
OLTE BLOCK (INSTALLED IN THE OLTE
RACK)
Power & Alarm Unit Tx Unit Rx Unit
Optical
Adapter
Switch
LSOD LOF
Error LOS
Major
Error major
Error
Minor Error Minor
Alarm Monitor
Laser Power On(Green always)
ON
AIS
Laser
Shut
Off
OLTE(Optical Line Terminating Equipment)
OPTIMUX
PDH Frame
start
start
start
start
start
Limitations (contd..)
140-565
Mbit/
s
34
34-140 MUX
34-140 MUX
Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
8-34 MUX
8-34 MUX
2
Mbit/s
2-8 MUX
2-8 MUX
Pdh.exe
Regenerator (Reg.)
Terminal Multiplexer
(TM)
Add/Drop Multiplexer
(ADM)
Digital Cross Connect
(DXC)
egenerator (Reg.)
STM- STM-
N Regenerator N
Add / Drop
STM-N STM-N
Multiplexer
PDH SDH
Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADM makes
possibilities of
Extraction from & insertion into high speed SDH bit
streams of Plesiochronous and lower bit rate synchronous
signal.
STM- STM-
16 16
STM-4 STM-4
STM-1 STM-1
140 140
Mbit/s Mbit/s
34 34
Mbit/s Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s Cross - 2 Mbit/s
Connect
gital Cross Connect (DXC)
PD
SDH # PD
SDH Regenerator SDH
H
AT
multiplexerSD Cross- multiplexer
H
AT
M
IP SD SD M
IP
H H connect H
Regenera Regenera
tor tor
Section Section
Multiplex Multiplex
Section Section
Path