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    Nomenclature

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    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    The document discusses the nomenclature and naming of chemical compounds. It covers naming conventions for ionic compounds containing metals and non-metals, including binary compounds and those with variable oxidation states. It also discusses naming covalent compounds containing two non-metals, acids, bases, and ternary compounds containing metals and radicals. Key aspects covered include using stock and classical naming methods, identifying oxidation states, and determining compound formulas based on charges of ions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    150 views28 pages
    The document discusses the nomenclature and naming of chemical compounds. It covers naming conventions for ionic compounds containing metals and non-metals, including binary compounds and those with variable oxidation states. It also discusses naming covalent compounds containing two non-metals, acids, bases, and ternary compounds containing metals and radicals. Key aspects covered include using stock and classical naming methods, identifying oxidation states, and determining compound formulas based on charges of ions.

    Original Description:

    Nomencleture

    Original Title

    8. Nomenclature

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    The document discusses the nomenclature and naming of chemical compounds. It covers naming conventions for ionic compounds containing metals and non-metals, including binary compounds and those with variable oxidation states. It also discusses naming covalent compounds containing two non-metals, acids, bases, and ternary compounds containing metals and radicals. Key aspects covered include using stock and classical naming methods, identifying oxidation states, and determining compound formulas based on charges of ions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    150 views28 pages

    Nomenclature

    Uploaded by

    Jhayce Christian S. Capanayan
    The document discusses the nomenclature and naming of chemical compounds. It covers naming conventions for ionic compounds containing metals and non-metals, including binary compounds and those with variable oxidation states. It also discusses naming covalent compounds containing two non-metals, acids, bases, and ternary compounds containing metals and radicals. Key aspects covered include using stock and classical naming methods, identifying oxidation states, and determining compound formulas based on charges of ions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    NOMENCLATURE

    FORMULA WRITING AND NAMING OF


    COMPOUNDS
    Terms:
    Chemical formula – a combination
    of symbols which represents a
    molecule’s composition
    Molecule – a group of atoms held
    together by chemical forces
    Oxidation number – numerical
    charge on the atoms of an element
    (also called valence number)
    Naming of Compounds
    I. IONIC - compounds of metals and
    non-metals
    A. Binary compounds of metals
    with fixed ON – composed of two
    atoms only

    Rule: The name of the metallic


    element is given first, followed by the
    stem name of the non-metal ending
    in – ide.
    stem name of metal + non-metal
    ending in – ide
    Example:
    Formula Name
    • Al2O3 • aluminum oxide
    • CaI2 • potassium chloride
    • Na2S • Magnesium nitride
    Exercise
    1. MgCl2
    2. Li3N
    3. Y2O3
    4. strontium oxide
    5. calcium fluoride
    6. magnesium sulfide
    7. scandium nitride
    B. Binary compounds containing metals
    with variable oxidation numbers
    B1: Classical Method
    Rule: The Latin name of the metal is
    written first with suffixes - ous for lower
    valence and – ic for higher
    valence. The name of the anion ending
    in –ide follows:

    Latin name of metal


    --ous + anion - ide
    -- ic + anion – ide
    Common Latin Names of
    Elements
    Cu copper cuprum
    Sn tin stannum
    Hg mercury hydrargyrum
    Pb lead plumbum
    B2: Stock Method
    Rule: The English name of the
    metal is used followed by Roman
    numeral enclosed in parenthesis
    which indicates the
    valence of the metal. The name
    of the anion ending in –ide follows:
    English name of metal (RN) +
    anion-ide
    Formula Classical Stock
    FeCl2
    FeCl3
    SnS
    SnS2
    Exercise
    •nickel (III) oxide
    •cobalt(II) sulfide
    •aurumic bromide
    •CrN
    •FeF2
    •MnI2
    Quiz on Nomenclature
    1. Potassium bromide 1. ZnS
    2. Barium phosphide 2. CaI2
    3. Calcium chloride 3. Li2S
    4. Potassium sulfide 4. Hg2Cl2
    5. Magnesium hydride 5. CuCl
    6. Copper (I) oxide 6. SrO
    7. Stannic fluoride 7. NiO
    8. Ferric oxide 8. CuCl2
    9. Hydrargyrous chloride 9. SnS2
    10. Antimony (III) oxide 10. SiO2
    Quiz on Nomenclature
    1. KBr 1. zinc sulfide
    2. Ba3P2 2. calcium iodide
    3. CaCl2 3. lithium sulfide
    4. K2S 4. mercuric chloride
    5. MgH2 5. copper (I) chloride/ cuprous chloride
    6. Cu2O 6. strontium oxide
    7. SnF4 7. nickel (II) oxide
    8. Fe2O3 8. CuCl2 copper (II) chloride/ cupric
    9. HgCl2 chloride
    10. Sb2O3 9. tin (IV) sulfide/ stannic sulfide
    10. silicon (IV) oxide
    Radicals or polyatomic ions –
    groups of atoms which act as
    single units during chemical
    change
    Examples:
    NH4+ - ammonium ion
    SO4 -2 - sulfate ion
    C2H3O2 - - acetate ion
    Stock system – a way of
    writing/naming compounds using
    the English name of the metals
    plus Roman numeral indicating
    the charge or oxidation number
    Classical method – uses the Latin
    name of the metal plus suffixes –
    ous for lower valence and – ic for
    higher valence
    Steps in writing formula: (Principle
    of electrical neutrality)
    1. Identify the charges of the ions
    using the valence table. Write
    the cation first followed by the
    anion.
    2. Apply the law of electrical
    neutrality. If the charges are
    unequal, do the criss-cross
    method. That is,
    the superscript of the cation
    becomes the subscript of the
    anion and the superscript of the
    anion becomes the subscript of
    the cation.
    3. Radicals which have subscripts
    higher than one should be
    enclosed in parenthesis.
    4. Reduce the subscripts to the
    lowest ratio.
    Examples: Write the formula of each
    of the following:
    1. potassium chloride
    2. stannous oxide
    3. stannic oxide
    4. ammonium dichromate
    5. Iron (III) phosphate
    6. iron (II) phosphate
    7. calcium silicate
    8. mercurous chloride
    9. mercuric chloride
    10. sodium sulfide
    11. barium sulfite
    12. aluminum perchlorate
    13. lead (IV) acetate
    14. copper (II) iodide
    15. cuprous arsenate
    1. mercurous chloride
    2. mercuric chloride
    3. sodium sulfide
    4. barium sulfite
    5. aluminum
    perchlorate
    6. lead (IV) acetate
    7. copper (II) iodide
    8. cuprous arsenate
    9. AgNO3
    10. (H3O)3Fe(CN)6
    11. Na2CO3
    12. SnSiO3
    13. Bi(ClO4)3
    14. Zn(MnO4)2
    15. C(IO4)2
    C. Bases – are compounds of
    metals and hydroxide ion (OH-)

    Rule: The stem name of the metal


    is written first followed by the word
    hydroxide.

    stem name of metal + hydroxide


    Examples:
    NaOH sodium hydroxide
    Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide
    Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide

    Classical Stock
    Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxide iron (II) hydroxide
    Fe(OH)3 ferric hydroxide iron (III) hydroxide
    D. Ternary compounds – metal
    and radical

    Rule: The name of the cation is


    given first followed by the name
    of the negative radical

    name of metal + radical


    Examples:
    K2CrO4 potassium chromate
    Na3PO3 sodium phosphite
    Na3PO4 sodium phosphate
    CaSO3 calcium sulfite
    CaSO4 calcium sulfate
    Fe4(SiO4)3 ferric silicate iron (III) silicate
    Fe2SiO4 ferrous silicate iron (II) silicate
    Pb3(AsO4)2 plumbous arsenate lead (II)
    arsenate
    Pb3(AsO4)4 plumbic arsenate lead (IV)
    arsenate
    II. COVALENT COMPOUNDS -
    compounds between non-metals
    A. Covalent compounds
    containing two non metals
    Rule: The name of the
    electropositive ion is given first,
    then the name of the more
    electronegative ion which is
    preceded by a prefix like mono,
    di, tri, etc. to denote the number
    of ions. The negative ion ends in –
    ide.
    Examples:
    CO monocarbon monoxide
    CO2 monocarbon dioxide
    SO3 monosulfur trioxide
    CCl4 monocarbon tetrachloride
    P2O5 diphosphorus
    pentaoxide/pentoxide
    Cl2O7 dichlorine
    heptaoxide/heptoxide
    B. Acids – compounds containing
    hydrogen
    Rule:
    Anion ending acid name
    -ide hydro – ic acid
    -ite - ous acid
    -ate - ic acid
    Examples:
    anion ending acid name
    HCl chloride hydrochloric acid
    HBr bromide hydrobromic acid
    HNO2 nitrite nitrous acid
    HNO3 nitrate nitric acid
    HClO hypochlorite hypochlorous acid
    HClO2 chlorite chlorous acid
    HClO3 chlorate chloric acid
    HClO4 perchlorate perchloric acid
    Exception:
    H3PO4 phosphate phosphoric acid
    H2SO4 sulfate sulfuric acid

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