Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
834 views

The Variables in Research

Here are 5 potential research topics I could study: 1. The relationship between social media usage and loneliness. 2. The impact of meditation on stress levels. 3. How parenting styles influence childhood obesity. 4. Factors affecting student performance in online vs in-person classes. 5. The connection between sleep habits and productivity.

Uploaded by

Ronald John Dapiroc Caharian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
834 views

The Variables in Research

Here are 5 potential research topics I could study: 1. The relationship between social media usage and loneliness. 2. The impact of meditation on stress levels. 3. How parenting styles influence childhood obesity. 4. Factors affecting student performance in online vs in-person classes. 5. The connection between sleep habits and productivity.

Uploaded by

Ronald John Dapiroc Caharian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

THE

VARIABLES
IN
RESEARCH
What is variable?
• characteristics that has two or more
mutually exclusive values or properties”
(Sevilla and Other, 1988)
• Bernard (1994), something that can take
more than one value, and values can be
words or numbers
• refers to characteristics, or attribute of an
individual or an organization that can be
measured or observed and that varies
among the people or organization being
studied (Creswell, 2002)
TYPES OF
VARIABLES
(ALLEN,
TITSWORTH, HUNT,
2009)
1. CONTINUOUS
VARIABLES
• can take infinite number on the value
that can occur within the population
• values can be divided into fractions
• Examples : age, height, and
temperature
a. INTERVAL VARIABLES
• values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers
• a measurement where the difference
between two values does have
meaning
• Examples: temperature, a person’s net
worth
b. RATIO VARIABLES
• values that lie along an evenly
dispersed range of numbers when
there is absolute zero
• possesses the properties of interval
variable and has a clear definition of
zero, indication that there is none of
that variable
• Examples: height, weight, and
distance
2. DISCRETE VARIABLES
• also known as categorical or
classificatory variable
• any variable that has limited number
of distinct values and which cannot
be divided into fractions like sex,
blood group, and number of children
in family
a. NOMINAL VARIABLE
• represent categories that cannot be
ordered in any particular way
• has two or more categories but does
not imply ordering of cases
• Examples: eye color, business type,
religion, biological sex, political
affiliation, basketball fan affiliation,
b. ORDINAL VARIABLE
• represent categories that can be
ordered from greatest to smallest
• Examples: education level, income
brackets
KINDS OF
VARIABLES
1. INDEPENDENT
VARIABLES
• those that probably cause, influence,
or affect outcomes
• they are invariably called treatment,
manipulated, antecedent or predictor
variables
• the one responsible for the conditions
that act on something else to bring
about changes
• EXAMPLE: A study is on the
relationship of study habits and
academic performance of Maputi
Senior High School students.
• STUDY HABITS is the independent
variable because it influenced the
outcome or the performance of the
students.
2. DEPENDENT
VARIABLES
• also called outcome variable
• those that depend on the
independent variables; they are the
outcomes or results of the influence
of the independent variable
• EXAMPLE: A study is on the
relationship of study habits and
academic performance of Maputi
Senior High School students.
• ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE is the
dependent variable because it is
depending on the study habits of the
students; if the students change their
study habit the academic
performance also change.
3. INTERVENING OR MEDLING
VARIABLES
• variables that “stand between” the
independent and dependent variables, and
they show the effects of the independent
variable on the dependent variable
• EXAMPLE: Even if farm production is
good, if the attitude towards payment is
negative, loan repayment would be low,
whereas, if the attitude towards repayment
is positive or favorable, loan repayment
would be high.
4. CONTROL VARIABLES
• special types of independent variables
that are measured in the study
because they potentially influence the
dependent variable
• they may be demographic or personal
variables that need to be “controlled”
so that the true influence of the
independent variable on the
dependent variable can be
determined
5. CONFOUNDING
VARIABLES
• variables that are not actually
measured or observed in a study
• they exist but their influence cannot
be directly detected in a study
WHAT TO DO?
• List down 5 possible topics that you
would like to study.

You might also like