Group 6 Iyalyn Hannah Elisha

THE ANIMAL
KINGDOM
PRESENT BY: GROUP 6
THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
• The Animal Kingdom has by far the most
number of species among all kingdoms. In
fact you could add up all the known species
of the other four kingdoms and this figure
would still be less than those found in the
Animal Kingdom.
• Although the Animal Kingdom is highly
diverse, all organisms in this kingdom share
three main characteristics: they rely on other
animals and plants for nourishment, they are
mobile, and are multicellular.
• Most animals reproduce sexually and have
sense organs that allow them to hear,
touch, see, taste, and smell. Many are
made of millions of cells. These millions of
cells can divided into tissue based on their
function. When there are many tissues
working together, they form an organ. When
the organ works with other organs on a
common task, this is known as an organ
system. These levels of organization are
unique to the Animal Kingdom.
• Because the Animal Kingdom is so large, it is
subdivided into other categories witch are
then also further divided. These subdivisions
are based on animals similar characteristics
or lack thereof.
• The most common way to divide the Animal
Kingdom is to divide based on the presence
or absence of a backbone. Animals with a
backbone are called vertebrates and
include animals such as fish, birds, and
mammals. Invertebrates such as insects and
mollusks lack a backbone.
ANIMAL KINGDOM
SPONGE
• The members of the phylum PORIFERA
meaning “pore bearer” are basal
Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of
the Diploblasts.
• They are multicellular organisms that
have bodies full pores and channels
allowing water to circulate through
them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl
sandwiched between two thin layers
of cells. The branch of zoology that
studies sponges is known as
spongiology
• Sponges have unspecialized cells that can
transform into other types and that often
migrate between the main cell layers and
the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not
have nervous, digestive or circulating
systems. ]
• Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant
water flow through their bodies to obtain
food and oxygen and to remove waste.
• Sponges were first to branch off the
evolutionary tree from the common
ancestor of all the animals, making them the
sister group of all the animals.
WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF
SPONGE?
• Body types: sponges have three

body types asconoid, syconoid,
and leuconoid
ASCONOID SPONGE
• Asconoid sponges are tubular with

a central shaft called spongocoel.
The beating of choanocytes
flagella force water into the
spongocoel through porse in the
body wall. Choanocytes line the
spongocoel and filter nutrients out
of the water.
SYCONOID SPONGE
• Syconoid sponges are similar to asconoids. They
have a tubular body with a single asculum, but the
body wall is thicker and more complex than that of
asconoids and contains choanocyte-lined radial
canals that empy into the spongocoel.
• Water enters through a large number of dermal ostia
into incurrent canals and then filters through tiny
openings called prosopyles into the radial canals.
• There food is ingested by the choanocytes.
Syconoids do not usually form highlybranched
colonies as asconoids so. During their development
syconoid sponge pass through an asconoid stage
LEUCONOID SPONGE
• Leuconoid sponges lack a spongocoel

and instead have flagellated
chambers, containing choanocytes
which are led to and out of via canals.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF
SPONGE?
• The most important structure is the
system of canals and chambers,
called a water current system,
through which water circulates to
bring food and oxygen to the
sponge. The water current systems
also helps disperse gametes and
larvae and remove watses.
SPONGE
CNIDARIANS
• A common example of radial

symmetry is the sea star (a member of
the enchinoderm phylum) or the
anemone, a Cnidarian (seen below).
The Cnidarians include the hydroids,
jellyfish, anemones, and corals. All the
Cnidarians have tentacles with stinging
cells In their tips which are used to
capture and subdue prey.
CHARACTERISTIC OF
CNIDARIANS?
• Cnidarians exhibit radial symmetry which
means their body parts are arrange
symmetrically around a central axis. So if you
drew a line from any point at the edge of a
cnidarians through the center and to the
other side you’d have two roughly equal
halves.
• Cnidarians have two body layers called the
epidermis and gastrodermis. Sandwiched in
between is a jelly like substance called
mesoglea. All cnidarians have the potential
toaffect human physiology owing to the
toxicity of their nematocytes.
4 MAJOR GROUPS OF
CNIDARIANS:
• Anthozoa which includes true corals,
anemones, and sea pens.
• Cubuzoa the amazing box jellies with
complex eyes and potent toxins
• Hydrozoa the most divers group with
siphonophores, hydroids, fire corals,
and many medusae
• Scyphozoa the true jellyfish
CNIDARIAN
FLATWORMS
• The flatworms are a phylum of
relatively simple soft bodied
invertebrate animals. With about 25,
000 known species they are the largest
phylum of acoelomates.
• Flatworms are found in
marine,freshwater, and even damp
terrestrial environments.
• Most are free living forms, but many
are parasasitic on other animals.
3 EXAMPLES OF
FLATWORMS
• They are ribbon-shaped and are

flattened dorsoventrally. There are
four major classes of flatworms such
as Cestoda (tapeworms).
Turbellaria (planarians). Trematoda
(flukes). And Monogenea.
TREMATODA (FLUKES)
• The class trematoda consists of flukes. Flukes
are parasitic flatworms that require the host
to complete their life cycle. They begin their
lives in a lower life form like a snail then
move on to invade humans and other
animals.
• Flukes says animal planet are generally
found in the tropics and far east but can
also be found in other parts of the world.
They spread infection and disease in
humans and animals. Common flukes
include blood flukes chinese liver flukes and
lancet liver flukes.
CESTODA (TAPEWORMS)
• Over 1,500 species of tapeworms make up
the class Cestoda. Tapeworms are parasitic
flatworms that invade the intestinal tracts of
animals and humans and are capable
growing up to 75 feet long, causing
infection, allergic reactions and diseases.
• Once inside its host the tapeworm uses
suckers to attach its head to the intestinal
wall. It absorbs nutrients from its host and
continually produces new segments
containing thousand of eggs which are
released through the host feces.
TURBELLARIA (PLANARIANS)
• The class turbellaria is composed of
approximently 3,000 species of planaria.
Planaria flatworms are typically nonparasitic,
and canbe found in fresh water, slatwater,
and less often, moist soil. According to
animal planet planarians use their cilia to
glide through their environment. They can
also move short distances using a brisk
crawling motion. They feed on protozoa,
bacteria, crustaceans, smaller worms, and
animal and plant matter.
DO FLATWORMS AFFECT
HUMANS?
• Parasitis Flatworms most parasitic
flatworms species are contained within
the classes Trematoda (flukes) and
Cestoda (tapeworms), describes in the
flatworms classification concept
Tremotodes or flukes have an
enormous impact on the health of
humans by infecting over 200 million
people worldwide.
FLATWORMS
THANK YOU
PRESENTED BY: GROUP 6 IYALYN,
HANNAH, ELISHA

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THE ANIMAL

• Body types: sponges have three

• Asconoid sponges are tubular with

• Leuconoid sponges lack a spongocoel

• A common example of radial

• They are ribbon-shaped and are

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