Traffic Engineering
Traffic Engineering
• Definition
“Traffic Engineering is that phase of engineering
which deals with planning and geometric design of
streets highways, abutting lands, and with traffic
operation thereon, as their use is related to the safe,
convenient and economic transportation of persons
and goods”
Traffic Engineering
5. Signalised/Un-signalised -- Control
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Devices 29/07/2019
TRAFFIC CHARACTERSTICS
A. Road User Characteristics
Traffic engineer has to design and
operate the traffic facilities which will
be used by the pedestrians, cyclists
and motorists.
A proper understanding of the
behavior of the road user and the
vehicle characteristics is necessary
for this purpose.
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HUMAN FACTORS
Mental
Psychological and
Environmental
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Physical characteristics
Vision is satisfactory when angle of the
cone is up to 100 or 120.
Human eye enables to see and
evaluate the size, shape and color of
objects and estimate distances and
speed.
The light rays from the object get
refracted through the lens and are
brought to the retina.
The image formed on the retina is
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transmitted to the brain.
Contd…
Hearing:
The sound of a horn or the sound of
the nearing vehicle itself can alert a
pedestrian to safety.
Elderly persons with falling eyesight
can perceive better through hearing
than through seeing.
PIEV theory for total reaction time of
driver.
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PIEV Theory
According to PIEV
theory, the total
reaction time of the
driver is split into
four parts:
i) Perception
ii) Intellection
iii) Emotion
iv) Volition
Mental Factors Psychological
Factors
Knowledge Emotional
Skill Fear
Intelligence Anger
Literacy Superstition
Maturity
Distractions
Environmental Factors
Road side Features
Traffic stream
a) Rolling resistance
b) Air resistance
c) Grade resistance
e) Transmission losses.
Power Performance of vehicles
It is necessary to determine vehicle running costs
and geometric design elements like grades.
Resistance to motion of a Vehicle
a) Rolling resistance
b) Air resistance
c) Grade resistance
e) Transmission losses.
Power Performance of vehicles
Rolling Resistance: The rolling resistance varies
with type of surfacing.
The rolling resistance =Pf=mf g
Where,
m= mass of the vehicle
f=coefficient of rolling resistance
Pf= rolling resistance in N
g=acceleration due to gravity m/sec2
Rolling resistance depends upon the speed of the
vehicle.
Power Performance of vehicles
Air Resistance: When a vehicle is in motion air
resists it in the following ways:
- It exerts pressure against the front of the vehicle
- Sides of the vehicle body
- The eddying of the air stream behind the vehicle.
- Flow of air through the vehicle for ventilating
Pa=Ca. Av2