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    Beta Oxidation of Fattyacid

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    Lipsa Rani Panda
    Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to break them down for energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria through four enzyme-catalyzed reactions that oxidize two carbon units from the fatty acid in each cycle. The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondria by a carnitine shuttle. Beta oxidation produces acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the citric acid cycle, along with hydrogen ions used in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. For example, beta oxidation of the 16-carbon palmitic acid yields 129 ATP molecules.

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    Beta Oxidation of Fattyacid

    Uploaded by

    Lipsa Rani Panda
    529 views26 pages
    Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to break them down for energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria through four enzyme-catalyzed reactions that oxidize two carbon units from the fatty acid in each cycle. The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondria by a carnitine shuttle. Beta oxidation produces acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the citric acid cycle, along with hydrogen ions used in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. For example, beta oxidation of the 16-carbon palmitic acid yields 129 ATP molecules.

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    Beta Oxidation of Fattyacid Ppt

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    Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to break them down for energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria through four enzyme-catalyzed reactions that oxidize two carbon units from the fatty acid in each cycle. The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondria by a carnitine shuttle. Beta oxidation produces acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the citric acid cycle, along with hydrogen ions used in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. For example, beta oxidation of the 16-carbon palmitic acid yields 129 ATP molecules.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    529 views26 pages

    Beta Oxidation of Fattyacid

    Uploaded by

    Lipsa Rani Panda
    Fatty acids undergo beta oxidation to break them down for energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria through four enzyme-catalyzed reactions that oxidize two carbon units from the fatty acid in each cycle. The fatty acid is transported into the mitochondria by a carnitine shuttle. Beta oxidation produces acetyl-CoA molecules that enter the citric acid cycle, along with hydrogen ions used in the electron transport chain to produce large amounts of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. For example, beta oxidation of the 16-carbon palmitic acid yields 129 ATP molecules.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    BETA OXIDATION

    OF FATTY ACID

     LIPSA RANI PANDA


    WHAT IS FAT?
     One of the Macronutrient.
     Molecule consists of primarily carbon and hydrogen atoms, i.e.
    hydrocarbons.
     Examples - cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids
    (present in adipocytes).
     Refers to lipids that are solids at room temperature.
     Fats like other lipids, generally - hydrophobic, i.e. soluble in
    organic solvents.
     Important source of energy (1 gram of fat gives 9 kcal energy).
    TYPES OF OXIDATION OF FATTY
    ACID

     3 types of oxidation of fatty acids includes :


     ß-oxidation of fatty acid
     α-oxidation of fatty acid
     ω-oxidation of fatty acid
     Saturated fatty acid oxidation
     (example : Palmitic acid)
     Unsaturated branched fatty acid oxidation
     (example : Linoleic acid)
    o Saturated includes :
     Odd chain of fatty acid oxidation
     (example : PropionylCoA to SuccinylCoA)
     Even chain of fatty acid oxidation
     (example : PalmitoylCoA to AcetylCoA)
    ß-OXIDATION OF FATTY ACID
    o Aerobic process
    o Occurs in
    Mitochondria
    o AcetylCoA to TCA
    Cycle

    Mostly oxidized by ß-
    oxidation,
    (oxidation of fatty acid on
    the ß -carbon atom).
    PHASES OF FATTY ACID
    OXIDATION
     There are 3 phases of fatty acid oxidation takes
    place:
    A. Transport from Adipose tissue to the target cells.
    B. Entry into the cytoplasm and mitochondria.
    C. Oxidative catabolism mitochondrial matrix.
    A. TRANSPORT FROM ADIPOSE TO
    TARGET CELLS
    Brain and RBC
    lack Mitochondria
    B. ENTRY INTO CYTOPLASM AND
    MITOCHONDRIA
    Rate limited
    Enzyme

    CACT – Carnitine acyl


    Carnitine translocase
    • Activated Fatty acyl-CoA formed in the cytosol is transported to the inter
    membrane (IM)space.
    • Carnitine shuttle transports long chain acetylated fatty acids across the inner
    mitochondrial membrane.
    • CAT1 (Carnitine acyl transferase 1) located on the outer mitochondrial
    membrane where fatty acyl-CoA reacts with the Carnitine to form Fatty acyl
    Carnitine (rate limiting step).
    • Fatty acyl Carnitine translocated into the mitochondrial matrix by CACT
    (Carnitine acyl Carnitine Translocase) which is a carrier protein present in the
    inner mitochondrial membrane.
    • CAT2 (Carnitine acyl transferase 2) located on the inner mitochondrial
    membrane where fatty acyl Carnitine liberates Fatty acyl-CoA and Carnitine.
    • To complete the shuttle, Carnitine cleaves and sent back to outside of the
    inner mitochondrial membrane by CACT and undergo further ß-oxidation
    process begins.
    • Medium chain fatty acids doesn’t require Carnitine shuttle though it directly
    enter the mitochondrial matrix and undergo ß-oxidation.
    C. OXIDATIVE CATABOLISM
    MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
     Oxidation system consists of Four enzymes that act
    sequentially to yield a Fatty acyl-CoA, NADH and FADH₂.
     4 steps in ß-oxidation are:
    I. Oxidation by FAD linked Dehydrogenase
    II. Hydration by Hydratase
    III. Oxidation by NAD linked Dehydrogenase
    IV. Thiolytic cleavage Thiolase
     The First reaction is
    the oxidation of Acyl-
    CoA by Acyl-CoA
    dehydrogenase to
    give α-ß unsaturated
    acyl-CoA (enoyl -
    CoA).
     FAD is the hydrogen
    acceptor,
    (Coenzyme).
     The Second is the
    Hydration of the
    double bond to ß-
    hydroxyacyl CoA
    ( p- hydroxyacyl
    CoA).
     The Third reaction is the
    oxidation of ß-hydroxyacyl-
    CoA to produce ß- Ketoacyl
    CoA a NAD dependent
    reaction (Coenzyme).
     The fourth reaction is
    cleavage of the two carbon
    fragment by splitting the
    bond between ß carbons by
    Thiolase enzyme.
     Formation of Myristoyl-CoA
    and acetyl CoA.
     Myristoyl-CoA undergoes
    further ß-oxidation where as
    acetyl CoA under goes TCA
    cycle.
    3.

    1.

    4.
    2.
    ENERGETICS OF FATTY ACID OXIDATION
    EXAMPLE : PALMITIC ACID (16C)
     ß-oxidation of palmitic acid will be repeated 7 cycles producing
    8 molecules of acetyl CoA.
     In each cycle FADH₂ and NADH + H⁺ is produced and will be
    transported to the respiratory chain.
     FADH₂ 2 ATP
     NADH + H⁺ 3 ATP
     So, 7 Cycles 5 ATPs x 7 cycles = 35 ATP
     Each acetyl CoA which is oxidized in citric cycle gives 12 ATP
    ( 8 x 12 = 96 ATP )
     2 ATP are utilized in the activation of fatty acid
    ( which occurs only once ).
     Energy gain = energy produced – energy utilized
     35 ATP + 96 ATP = 131 ATP
     131 ATP – 2 ATP = 129 ATP
    REFERENCES
     Biochemistry – DONALD VOET and JUDITH G. VOET
     Lehninger’s – Principles of Biochemistry
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_oxidation
     https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/biomolecules/fat-and-
    protein-metabolism/v/overview-of-fatty-acid-oxidation
     You tube tutorial videos
    ANY QUESTIONS
    ????

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