Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 42 views

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes

    Uploaded by

    RMK Brothers
    This document summarizes key concepts about zener diodes from a textbook chapter: 1) Zener diodes can operate in forward, leakage, and breakdown regions and are used to regulate voltage. 2) In the breakdown region, the zener diode maintains a nearly constant voltage (VZ) as current increases. 3) A zener diode can be used in a voltage regulator circuit to maintain a constant output voltage even as the current drawn by the load changes. The zener regulates when the input voltage is greater than VZ.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes

    Uploaded by

    RMK Brothers
    42 views16 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts about zener diodes from a textbook chapter: 1) Zener diodes can operate in forward, leakage, and breakdown regions and are used to regulate voltage. 2) In the breakdown region, the zener diode maintains a nearly constant voltage (VZ) as current increases. 3) A zener diode can be used in a voltage regulator circuit to maintain a constant output voltage even as the current drawn by the load changes. The zener regulates when the input voltage is greater than VZ.

    Original Description:

    spl diode

    Original Title

    diode spl

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes key concepts about zener diodes from a textbook chapter: 1) Zener diodes can operate in forward, leakage, and breakdown regions and are used to regulate voltage. 2) In the breakdown region, the zener diode maintains a nearly constant voltage (VZ) as current increases. 3) A zener diode can be used in a voltage regulator circuit to maintain a constant output voltage even as the current drawn by the load changes. The zener regulates when the input voltage is greater than VZ.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views16 pages

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes

    Uploaded by

    RMK Brothers
    This document summarizes key concepts about zener diodes from a textbook chapter: 1) Zener diodes can operate in forward, leakage, and breakdown regions and are used to regulate voltage. 2) In the breakdown region, the zener diode maintains a nearly constant voltage (VZ) as current increases. 3) A zener diode can be used in a voltage regulator circuit to maintain a constant output voltage even as the current drawn by the load changes. The zener regulates when the input voltage is greater than VZ.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Special-Purpose

    Diodes

    Chapter 4
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 1
    Text Book
    Malvino, “Electronic Principles”, 6th edition,
    McGraw Hill
    • Text Book Chapter 5
    Ch5-1 The Zener Diode
    Ch5-2 The Loaded Zener Regulator
    Ch5-3 The Second Approximation of a Zener Diode
    Ch5-4 The Zener Drop-Out Point

    • Objective of this chapter :


    Show how the zener diode is used and calculate various values
    related to its operation.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 2
    The Zener Diode
    • The zener diode is a silicon diode that the
    manufacturer has optimized for operation in the
    breakdown region.

    • It also can operate at forward and leakage region.

    • The manufacturer can produce zener diodes with


    breakdown voltage from about 2V to over 1000V
    by varying the doping level of silicon diodes.

    • It is the backbone of voltage regulators, therefore,


    sometimes called a “voltage-regulator diode”.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 3
    Forward, Leakage and Breakdown Region
    • Forward region
    – It starts conducting around 0.7V, just like an ordinary
    silicon diode.

    • Leakage region
    – It has only a small reverse (leakage) current as the
    ordinary silicon diode.

    • Breakdown region
    – The breakdown has a very sharp knee, followed by an
    almost vertical increase in current.
    – Over most of the breakdown region, the voltage cross
    the zener diode is almost constant, approximately equal
    to Vz.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 4
    -VZ (Volts)
    Schematic 6 4 2 0
    Symbol of
    Zener Diode 20
    40
    60
    VZ -IZ (mA)
    80
    100
    120
    140

    Graph of zener current versus voltage


    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 5
    A zener diode voltage regulator

    RS
    Power VS VZ RL
    supply

    For normal operation, the zener diode is reverse-biased.


    Vs must greater than Vz for breakdown operation and a series
    resistor Rs is always used to limit the zener current.
    This circuit will regulate when the RL
    Thevenin voltage facing the zener VTH = VS
    diode is greater than the zener RS + RL
    voltage.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 6
    Zener Regulator
    • A zener diode also called a voltage-regulator
    diode.
    • It maintains a constant output voltage even
    through the current through it changes.

    • Example 5-1, page 148 of your textbook.

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 7


    RS

    Power VS
    RL
    VZ
    supply

    Assuming the zener is conducting:


    RL VS - VZ VZ
    VTH = VS IS = IL = IZ = I S - IL
    RS+RL RS RL
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 8
    A zener waveshaping circuit

    RL

    VZ + 0.7 V

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes


    -VZ - 0.7 V Page 9
    RZ
    Zener diode
    second approximation
    VZ

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 10


    Applying the second approximation

    RS
    RZ
    Power VS
    RL
    supply
    VZ

    The deviation in load voltage from the ideal case:

    DVL = IZRZ
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 11
    The zener regulator also reduces ripple

    RS
    RZ
    Power VR(in)
    RL
    supply
    VZ

    Assuming that both RL and RS >> RZ:


    RZ
    VR(out) @ VR(in)
    RS
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 12
    Zener Drop-Out Point
    VS=20V
    RS=200
    Power VZ=10V RL=1k
    supply

    • Case 1: Varying the source voltage


    – Consider the source voltage Vs decreases from 20V to 12V. The
    series current Is will decrease from 50mA to 10mA, IL will
    remain the same (IL=10mA) and Iz will decrease to 0mA.
    – Now, the Is = IL and no current goes into the diode (i.e. Iz is zero.)
    At that time, the zener diode is about to come out of the
    breakdown region.
    – If the source voltage decreases any further, regulation will be lost.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 13
    Zener Drop-Out Point
    VS=20V
    RS=200
    Power VZ=10V RL=1k
    supply

    Case 2 : Decrease the load resistance.


    Consider the load resistance from 1k to 200. The
    current across the load is 50mA, same as the series
    current. Therefore, the zener is about to come out of
    breakdown.

    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 14


    Zener Drop-Out Point
    Analyzing the zener circuit for the worst-case
    conditions, it is possible to derive the following
    equation :
     Vs (min) 
    Rs (max) 
     V  1
     RL (min)
     Z 
     Vs (min)  Vz 
    Rs (max)  
     I 
     L (max) 
    Zener Diode Ratings
    Maximum power = PZ(max) = VZ IZ(max)
    Available tolerances: 20, 10 and 5 percent
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 15
    V
    1 k
    -30 -20 -10 0
    RS
    Q1
    VS -10
    mA
    Q2
    -20
    30 V
    VS = 20 V
    -30

    What happens to VZ when VS varies from 20 to 30 volts?


    Load lines provide a graphical solution.
    E&T1350 Electronics Chapter 4 Special Purpose Diodes Page 16

    You might also like