Verbals

 A gerund is usually defined as a word ending in
–ing that is formed from a verb and that

functions as a noun.
 Can be used in any of the noun “slots”:
1. Subject,
2. Subjective Complement,
3. Object of a Preposition,
4. Direct Object, and
5. Appositive.
 The subject is usually at the beginning of the
sentence.
 Swimming is the best sport ever!

 Exercising is good for our health.
 Looking for work can be a difficult task.
 It is also known as predicate nominative.
 REMEMBER: It always follows a linking verb.
 My favorite hobby is knitting.

 She is athletic, and her best sport is diving.
 Reena’s favorite exercises are jogging and cycling.
 Objects of prepositions follow prepositions.
 Merla keeps herself in good shape by dancing.

 I will study for exams by taking good notes.
 You will need a new pen set for drawing
pictures.
 Direct Objects follow action verbs.
 Lester does boxing in the gym twice a week.

 Janie loves playing video games.
 All of the students like taking notes on gerunds.
 Appositives can rename any noun. A gerund
as an appositive might look like this:
 My hobby, swimming, keeps me in shape.

 His only exercise, walking, is not taxing.
Study the sentences. Identify the gerund by
underlining it and write its use on the space
before the number.
_______ 1. Helping a friend is an automatic yes!
_______2. Helping others with a favour is
dangerous and should be avoided.
_______3. When it comes to helping, it’s not even
about expecting money or just helping
friends out.
_______4. Take time getting used to refusing
people’s requests.
_______5. Although simple, it is similar to the rules
that prevent people from bumping into others.
_______6. Won’t people see you as a jerk in
refusing them to help?
_______7. Individuals may even get mad for saying
no to them.
_______8. You can boil this down as the difference
of needing vs. wanting help.
_______9. My passion, helping people, gives me
satisfaction.
_______10. You can’t stand still watching others in
need, but at the same time you can’t assist
everyone.
subject 1. Helping a friend is an automatic yes!
subject2. Helping others with a favour is dangerous

and should be avoided.
OP 3. When it comes to helping, it’s not even

about expecting money or just helping
friends out.
OP 4. Take time getting used to refusing

people’s requests.
OP 5. Although simple, it is similar to the rules that prevent
people from bumping into others.
OP 6. Won’t people see you as a jerk in refusing them to
help?
OP 7. Individuals may even get mad for saying no to them.
OP 8. You can boil this down as the difference of needing
vs. wanting help.
Appositive9. My passion, helping people, gives me
satisfaction.
DO 10. You can’t stand still watching others in need, but at
the same time you can’t assist everyone.
 A verbal that acts as an ADJECTIVE.
 It modifies nouns or other pronouns.
 It looks like either a present participle:
(verb + -ing)
 OR a past participle:
(verb + -ed, -en, -d, etc.)
 A participial phrase is composed of a participle
and its modifiers and complements.
 Participle is located near the noun it modifies.
Examples:
1. Shopping, Ming spends her entire pay.
2. The poem translated in English is sung every
morning.
3. The broken glasses on the floor made it hard
for the people to pass.
Let’s practice!
1. Soccer is an exciting sport.
2. The game has two competing teams.
3. Players can only touch the released
balls with their feet, body, head.
4. Only the goalkeeper can touch the
ball with his gloved hands.
5. The beloved game starts with a kick
off.
Let’s practice!
1. Soccer is an exciting sport.
2. The game has two competing teams.
3. Players can only touch the released balls
with their feet, body, head.
4. Only the goalkeeper can touch the ball with
his gloved hands.
5. The beloved game starts with a kick off.
1. Mother likes inventing her own
dishes.
2. She is a fascinating cook.
3. She once served us vegetables
swimming in blue soup.
4. The resulting cake would be the best
we’ve ever had.
5. Cooking will always be an adventure.
1. Mother likes inventing her own dishes.
2. She is a fascinating cook.
3. She once served us vegetables swimming
in blue soup.
4. The resulting cake would be the best
we’ve ever had.
5. Cooking will always be an adventure.
 A verbal that may act as a NOUN,
ADJECTIVE, or an ADVERB.
 An infinitive is formed by adding to to the
base form of the verb:
(to + verb)
 An infinitive phrase is composed of an

infinitive ad its modifiers and complements.
1. Lina’s favorite pastime is to shop.
2. SM is Marian’s favorite place to watch movies.
3. Eager to go, she left her friends.
1. To err is human.
2. I have too much work to do.
3. One disgraceful act is to beg.
4. Mr. Smith came to teach English.
5. My brother gave me a cake to eat.
6. I turned my face to avoid him.
7. My uncle bought me a cycle to ride.
8. To study Chemistry is difficult for me.
9. We have five questions to answer.
10. He was about to speak the truth.
1. To err is human. – noun
2. I have too much work to do. - adjective
3. One disgraceful act is to beg. - noun
4. Mr. Smith came to teach English. -adverb
5. My brother gave me a cake to eat. –adjective
6. I turned my face to avoid him. –adverb
7. My uncle bought me a cycle to ride.-adjective
8. To study Chemistry is difficult for me. -noun
9. We have five questions to answer. -adjective
10. He was about to speak the truth. -noun

Verbals

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 A gerund is usually defined as a word ending in

–ing that is formed from a verb and that

 Swimming is the best sport ever!

 My favorite hobby is knitting.

 Merla keeps herself in good shape by dancing.

 Lester does boxing in the gym twice a week.

 My hobby, swimming, keeps me in shape.

subject2. Helping others with a favour is dangerous

OP 3. When it comes to helping, it’s not even

OP 4. Take time getting used to refusing

 An infinitive phrase is composed of an

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