ART

APPRECIATION
 LESSON 5:
PRINCIPLES
OF
ARTS
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 THREE KEY
ELEMENTS OF
THE VISUAL
ARTS
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 FORM

◎ Refers to how the specific

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a. Primary Features
◎ This is how the artwork appears
to the viewers. Its physical
attributes in terms of medium,
color, texture and size.

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b. Secondary Features
◎ This is how the primary features
of the artwork relate to one
another. Particularly, this
applies to the principles of
balance, proportion, harmony
and unity that are used to
create the whole composition

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CONTENT
◎ Refers to the message the artist
wants to convey through his
art.
◎ There are three levels of
content:
◉ Factual
◉ Conventional
◉ Subjective
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a. Factual
◎ Is the literal interpretation of
the work, its imagery,
describable attributes, actions
and poses.

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b. Conventional
◎ Takes into consideration the
basic genres and the figurative
meanings usually indicated by
familiar signs and symbols and
the qualities of the work.

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c. Subjective
◎ Takes into consideration the
effect of the form and content
on the viewers of the art

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CONTEXT
◎ Refers to the various
circumstances that influence
how a work of art was
produced and interpreted.
There are two types of context:
◉ Primary Context
◉ Secondary Context

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a. Primary Context
◎ Pertains to the characteristic of
the artist (personality, beliefs,
interests and values)

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a. Secondary Context
◎ Pertains to the setting,
(historical period, religious and
philosophical conviction,
climate and geography)

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 THE
PRINCIPLES
OF DESIGN

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1. BALANCE
◎ Distribution of the visual weight
of objects, colors, texture and
space. The use of these
elements should be balanced to
make the viewers see and feel
the design as stable.

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a. Symmetrical Balance
◎ Results when the elements
used on one side of the design
are similar to those on the other
side

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b. Asymmetrical Balance
◎ When the sides of the
composition are different but
still look balanced.

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c. Radial Balance
◎ Achieved when the elements
are arranged around a central
point. Elements may exhibit
similarities as they spread
around the central point.

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2. EMPHASIS
◎ Part of the design that catches
the viewer’s attention. The
artist will usually make one area
stand out by contrasting it with
other areas. This contrast could
be achieved by presenting one
area as different in size, color,
texture and shape.
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3. MOVEMENT
◎ Is the path the viewer’s eye take
when looking through the work
of art. Such movement can be
implied along lines, edges,
shape and color within the work
of art.

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4. PATTERN
◎ Is the repetition of objects,
shapes and lines or symbol all
over the space or picture plane.

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5. PROPORTION
◎ Is the feeling or unity created
when all parts (sizes, amounts
or number) relate well with each
other

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6. REPETITION
◎ Works with patterns to make
the work seem active. The
repetition of elements of design
creates unity within the
artwork.

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7. RHYTHM
◎ Created when one or more
elements of design are used
repeatedly to produce a feeling
of organized, continuous,
sometimes flowing movement.
To keep rhythm exciting and
active, variety is important.

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8. VARIETY
◎ Is the use of several elements of
design that adds interest in
order to hold the viewer’s
attention and guide the
viewer’s eye through and
around the work of art.

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9. UNITY
◎ Is the feeling of harmony
between and among the parts
of the work of art, which
creates a feeling of
completeness in the
composition.

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THE RULE OF
THIRDS

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THE SEVEN
DA VINCIAN
PRINCIPLES

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1. CURIOSITA
◎ Approaching life with
heightened level of wonder and
continuous search to know and
learn more.

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2. DIMOSTRAZIONE
◎ The commitment to test
knowledge and to persist in this
task, which includes
experiencing both success and
failures in the undertaking.

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3. SENSAZIONE
◎ Is experiencing life through
refinement of the senses. For
example: the eyes should do
more than see, it should be able
to distinguish between the
beauty of various colors, note
minute details and savor the
physicality of everything the
world has to offer. 58
4. SFUMATO
◎ Literally translates to “going up
in smoke”. It is accepting life’s
paradoxes and uncertainties. It
is knowing and realizing that
not everything is cause and
effect and that events happen
that even logic cannot explain.

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5. ARTE/ SCIENZA
◎ Finding balance between art
and science or logic and
imagination. This relates to the
concept of a whole brain
thinking

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6. CORPORALITA
◎ Is taking care of one’s body.
Ensuring that healthy habits are
practiced and sustained. A
sound mind usually is the
product of a healthy body and
vice versa

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7. CONNESSIONE
◎ Is realizing that all things are
interconnected. It is discovering
patterns in the way things work and
how things and lives work out.
Interconnectedness is seeing how
events in the past led to the present
state of affairs. A closer study of
history would make one realize how
events in the past explains the
present.
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◎ Brief Background
◎ Subject
◎ Nature/Theme

◎`

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ARTWORK # 2

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