BOILER & TURBIN

CONTROL REMBANG &

PACITAN
1.8 Boiler Management System (BMS)
1.8.1 General description
BMS is for short Boiler burner management system. As a
kind of monitoring system, it is usually used in modern
large scale unit. During boiler startup, normal operation,
and shutdown, BMS can continuously monitor a great
number of parameters and status of combustion system,
carry out the logic calculation and estimation, give
operation orders if needed, in order to make the
equipment of combustion system finish the essential
actions based on the regulation and reasonable
procedures to ensure the safety of boiler combustion
system.
1 General description

BMS, the abbreviation for Boiler Combustion Management System,

and is a required monitoring system in modern large-sized power
plant. This system can continuously monitor the parameters and
states of combustion system under the boiler normal operation,
startup, shutdown and various operation conditions. Besides, it can
carry out logic operation and judgment. If necessary, it can send
out action command to make the corresponding equipment in the
combustion system to achieve necessary operations according to
the required and reasonable procedures, in order to protect the
safety of boiler combustion system.
 Boiler burner
management system

Flame out safety

General description Main equipment in BMS System function system Program control ignition
(FSS)
 BMS holds four major functions:
1) Safety monitor.
It can continuously monitor the parameters and status such as the furnace flame,
negative pressure, water level etc. When detecting some hazard, BMS can take
measures to ensure the safety of boiler: when any of the following situations occurs,
like boiler experiences flameout; the water level of the steam drum or the furnace
pressure is too high or too low; two F.D. fans or two I.D. fans trip etc, BMS will make the
main fuel trip (MFT) and oil fuel trip (OFT) as well ad other equipment such as coal
pulverizer, MTR to rapidly cut off the fuel entering to the furnace in order to prevent the
fuel of combustion property and air mixture from accumulating in some part of the
boiler. The operators can directly activate MTT when the equipment is suffering the
safety threat, without BMS automatic logic to activate the tripping.

2) Furnace purge.
Before boiler ignition or after boiler shutdown, use proper air flow to clean out the
combustible matters which may accumulate in the furnace and flue gas duct in order to avoid
knocking combustion or blast. Usually use 30% of the rated air flow to purge for 5 min. The
purge can be carried out when all the requirements are satisfied, such as the tripping valve
of oil main pipe is closed, all primary air fans are stopped, all oil gun valves are closed, all
coal pulverizers are stopped, all coal feeder are stopped, furnace without flame, all dampers
in the purge channel are opened etc. The above requirements in fact are kind of entire
inspection for the fuel supplying equipments, flame detector indication, and air dampers; and
if all these requirements are met, take 5 min purge. Moreover, these factors combined
together can guarantee sufficient air flow to clean out the combustible matters which may
accumulate in the furnace and flue gas duct
 3) Fuel oil and oil gun management.
It will help to carry out the oil leakage test, oil gun ignition and cutoff etc. The oil
gun can be put into operation when some requirements are satisfied, such as MFT
is reset, fuel pressure and fuel temperature are normal, etc. It can automatically run
the ignition sequence which controls the oil gun valve, atomized steam valve, high-
energy igniter etc.

4) Coal pulverizer management and main fuel (pulverized coal) in/out of service.
It assists to carry out the burner startup and shutdown. As for the direct-fired
system, it also manages the startup and shutdown of the coal pulverizer and coal
feeder. The conditions for feeding pulverized coal mainly include following parts:
enough ignition energy, normal primary air pressure, normal sealing air pressure
etc.

Main components of BMS and functions

BMS consists of three parts: control part, local equipment, and control logic. The local
equipments include the oil burner, the electric and pneumatic actuators of the pulverizing
system, flame detector, pressure switch, temperature switch, flow switch and limit switch,
BMS static tests

1 MFT function test

2 OFT test
3 Oil gun ignition static test
4 Coal pulverizer interlock protection test

FSSS (furnace safety supervision system) dynamic test

1. MFT dynamic test:
2. Single auxiliary equipment (F.D. fans, I.D. fans, feed water
pump) tripping test:
Precautions of unit dynamic test
1 The dynamic test of FSSS has potential damage to the unit. As
such, it is only used for the new unit or the unit whose control system
has undergone large modification. Generally, it is better to use the
static test.
2 If FSSS dynamic test really has to be done, carry out it during the
unit startup and shutdown.
3 If there is abnormal condition occurred in the dynamic test, it is
necessary to stop the test and restore original operation mode of the
equipment. Find out fault causes and solve it, then continue to do the
test with approval.
1.9 Sequence control system (SCS)
1.9.1 General Description
SCS refers to a kind of automatic control system which helps
the unit auxiliary equipment and auxiliary system to realize their
startup and shutdown in a certain sequence and operating
principle. At present, the unit fossil-fired unit SCS is divided into
three stages: unit, function, equipments. the control range
includes all the auxiliaries which is relevant to the main
equipment operation of the boiler, turbine and generator and
valve dampers etc. according to the thermal system, SCS divides
the auxiliaries into many function units and the relevant equipment
belonged to same system will be combined together, and usually
take one important auxiliary equipment as the center.
 1.9.2 Sequential Control System (SCS) range and equipment

SCS local equipment refers to the monitoring devices which

supply the on-off information for system, the actuators which actuate
the on-off order, and its control loop.
SCS used in Rembang power plant mainly includes following
ones:
F.D. fan subsystem, I.D. fan subsystem, primary air fan
subsystem, air preheater subsystem, boiler steam water subsystem,
feed water pump subsystem, feed water pump turbine subsystem,
HP heater subsystem, LP heater subsystem, condensation water
subsystem, circulation cooling water system, vacuum pump
subsystem, gland steam subsystem, deaerator and four state
extraction steam subsystem, turbine lube oil subsystem, and
generator sealing oil subsystem, generator stator cooling water
subsystem, auxiliary steam subsystem, chemical dosing and
polishing subsystem.
 1.10 Modulating Control System
1.10.1 General
Module control system (MCS) is a kind of continuous adjustment
system, and the controlled variable is the analog variable. This system
makes a comparison between the controlled variable and the set value, then
output the control signal via adjuster calculation to make the controlled
variable experience change and finally be equal or near to the set value.
System is a closed loop, also called closed loop control system.
MCS mainly includes:
1) Fuel adjustment system
2) Fuel oil pressure adjustment system
3) Coal pulverizer outlet temperature adjustment system
4) Coal pulverizer inlet primary air flow adjustment system
5) Total air flow calculation, oxigen content calibration and forced draft air
adjustment system
6) Furnace pressure adjustment system
7) PA pressure adjustment system
8) Steam drum boiler feedwater control
9) Stage I attemperating adjustment system
10) Stage II attemperating adjustment system
11) Dll sd 35 item
1)Fuel adjustment system principle

Fuel adjustment loop consists of fuel amount calculation loop, fuel regulator,
fuel control station and coal feeder bias M/A station. Fuel calculation loop
calculates the coal amount and oil amount and convert to the fuel variable
signal indicated by % or t/h according to calorific amount.
BTU calibration loop is set for adjustment system. Operator can manually set
the coal quality correction coefficiency via BTU calibration actuator, or can put
BTU as auto to automatically calibrate the fuel variable signal.
Boiler master control command is taken as the command signal of fuel
variable after limiting the air & coal ratio. Fuel bias signal is sent to M/A station
of A, B, C, D, E coal feeder as the command of control station via fuel control
M/A station after PID calculation.
Under manual mode, fuel control M/A station can operate 5 coal feeders
simultaneously(at least one coal feeder is in auto state). Fuel regulator outputs
the command that automatically track fuel control M/A station. When 5 coal
feeders are all in manual, switch the fuel control M/A station to manual and
tracing state to track the average rotation speed command of operating coal
feeders.
4) Adjustment principles of pulverizer inlet PA flow adjustment
system

The set point of pulverizer inlet PA air flow is got based on the coal
feeder command after function conversion. The function mainly gets
the needed PA flow based on coal amount (take coal as unit). The set
point has upper and lower limit (40% and 75%) to prevent pulverizer
tripping because of excessive low PA flow under auto conditions.
Operator can manually set the bias of set point in M/A station of
pulverizer PA flow adjustment.
When adjustment system is manual, regulator outputs auto signal to
track M/A station manual output. PA flow set point automatically tracks
measurement value. Therefore, the switch between manual and auto
of adjustment system is bumpless.
15)control
Coordinated
Coordinated control system is indirect energy balance control.
Boiler main controller has two PID regulators and one M/A station. The two regulators
are BF pressure regulator and boiler main regulator.
BF pressure regulator works under BF mode. It receives the pressure set point and
pressure signal front of turbine. Regulator output is the command of boiler main
control. In order to quicken the boiler side adjusting speed and reduce pressure
difference, turbine side energy signal PS*P1/PT is used to be feed forward.
Under coordinated mode, boiler main control regulator works. Main steam pressure
difference and power difference simultaneously function to boiler main control
regulator.
In order to quicken the load response speed, unit load command signal is taken as
feed forward signal, and quicken the adjust speed after dynamic processing.
Turbine main controller has two PID regulators and one M/A station. Two regulators
are TF pressure regulator and turbine main control regulator.
Under coordinated control mode, turbine main control regulator works. Main steam
pressure difference and power difference simultaneously function to turbine main
control regulator. The power signal practically sent by generator is taken as the
feedback signal to control the turbine and adjust steam valve opening, realizing the
closed loop control of power.
Under TF mode, TF pressure regulator receives the pressure set point and pressure
signal front of turbine to control the turbine and adjust steam valve opening, realizing
the closed loop control of power.
Boiler and turbine controller are both designed with relatively perfect tracing logic
which can realize the bumpless of manual/auto and operation modes.
7) Adjustment principles of PA pressure adjustment system

PA pressure adjustment system adjusts PA pressure via regulating the

inlet guiding vane opening of two PA fans.
In pulverizing system, PA goes into pulverizer with coal powder. So it
requires that PA pressue must meet the requirement that air is with
powder. Set point of PA pressure is determinede by maximum coal
feeding amount of pulverizer. Operator can set manual bias in operation
display. Output of PA pressure regulator is separately sent to PA fan A
and B inlet guiding vane M/A station. To balance the rating of PA fan A
and B, guide vane command bias is set in PA fan inlet guide vane M/A
station. Operator can separately regulate the PA fan A and B rating via
the bias.
When PA fan A and B inlet guide vanes are manual, PA pressure
adjustment system is manual. Regulator output tracks the average value
output by inlet adjustment guide vane operation panel. PA pressure set
point automatically tracks measurement value.
In addition, adjustment system receives the command from SCS and
FSSS to control PA fan A and B inlet adjustment guide vane.
32) HP bypass pressure adjustment system

(1) HP bypass pressure adjustment system is of startup, overflow and

safety functions. During boiler startup, working in coordination with ignition,
temperature & pressure rising, turbine warming up, rolling, speed rising,
synchronizing and load carrying, quicken the unit startup speed. During
pressure rising process or normal operation stage, it functions as safety
overflow. When steam pressure changes too quickly, bypass control valve
is opened to quickly restore the pressure to prevent safety valve acting
frequently. When turbine trips, bypass control valve opens quickly to
release the pressure in security. Main steam pressure is taken by bypass
control valve as controlled variable.
2 System Control Principle
The main control system of 300MW unit coordinated control system is
composed of the following two parts: LOAD MANAGEMENT CENTER of
unit and the main controller of boiler-turbine.
The main controller of boiler-turbine accepts the unit load command from
LOAD MANAGEMENT CENTER. This command has maximum or
minimum load limitation and changing rate limitation. The load command
will separately send command to the boiler and turbine control system via
boiler-turbine main controller. The command can make the output power
of the unit adapts the load command requirement and make sure the
pressure before turbine is the set value.
The boiler-turbine main controller has four control modes. These modes
can be switching over manually or automatically. The boiler-turbine
coordinated control in our company has the following four control modes
Working Mode Boiler main control Turbine main control Frequency modulation

Basic mode Manual Manual No

BF Auto and pressure adjustment Manual No

TF Manual Auto, adjust the main steam pressure No

Pressure adjustment, power adjustment,

Pressure adjustment and load
CCS frequency calibration , the calibration and Yes
command feed forward
output of main steam pressure set value
Boiler follow mode (BF): it is an assistant operating mode when the turbine has partial
faults. Under this condition, the turbine main control is in the manual mode, and the operator
sets the opening degree command of turbine governing valve manually to control the unit load.
When the boiler control is in auto mode, the unit load response is quick, but it will cost the
main steam pressure. The pressure fluctuation is relatively large during dynamic process
regardless of the internal or external interference influence, and the anti-interference
capability of the system is weak. So the command feedforward of turbine main stop valve is
led into the boiler side, which has certain inhibition to the external interference.

Turbine follow mode (TF): it is an assistant operating mode when the boiler has partial
fault or during large change of the working condition (coal pulverizer startup or shutdown
etc.). Under this mode, the boiler main control is in manual control mode, the operator sets
the fuel command manually, the turbine main control adjust the pressure before turbine
automatically. Under this mode, the pressure fluctuation of dynamic process is smaller, and
the unit runs normally, but the unit load response is slow.

Coordinated control system(CCS): it is the coordinated control mode based on

the boiler follow mode, and it is the coordinated control system based on the direct
energy balance principle. Under this mode, the turbine main control controls the unit
load automatically, and the boiler main control maintains the balance between
turbine energy demand and boiler thermal discharge amount. The characteristics of
this kind of coordinated control system are as follows: unit load response is quick,
the load control accuracy is high, the pressure fluctuation in dynamic process is
bigger compared with boiler follow mode.
 3 Load Command Treatment System:
The output value of LDC target value is different under different states: When the unit is in CCS
mode, the unit can accept the intermediate dispatch command(ADS), and also the load set of the
operator. When the unit is in RB (run back function), RD state(load forced-decreasing function), the
load command is the load command 150MW（RB）or 0（RD）produced by RB or RD function
group.
When the unit is in basic mode, TF and BF mode, the LDC outputs follow unit actual power.
The rate is set to zero when there is interlock increasing or decreasing signal.

3.1 Condition for RUNBACK (run back function):

•LDC output is more than the limit value （150MW）of one FD fan and one FD fan trips;
•LDC output is more than the limit value （150MW）of one ID fan and one ID fan trips;
•LDC output is more than the limit value （150MW）of one PA fan and one PA fan trips;
•LDC output is more than the limit value （150MW）of one feedwater pump and more than one
feedwater pump trip;
•LDC output is more than the limit value （150MW）of one air heater and one air heater trips.
When the unit is in LDC auto mode, and the main auxiliary has fault, the unit is required to
decrease the load to make the target load can be beared by the auxiliary equipment.
3.2 Condition for RUNDOWN (forced load decreasing function):
• Feedwater RD；
• Fuel RD；
• FD fan RD；
• ID fan RD；
• PA fan RD.
It is a protection measures when the unit fault is not certain. Under the LDC auto mode, when
condition that the fault indirect target value is very big( eg. the water level in steam drum is much
lower than the set value ), forcedly decreasing the actual load to decrease the indirect load
target value until the indirect load target value is small .
When the RB and RD happen at the same time, control the bigger rate one.
4 Boiler-Turbine Coordinated Control
The turbine and boiler main controller is also called turbine and boiler main
control loop. It accepts the signal from the three aspects: LDC output signal
from load management center, unit actual power and pressure signal before
turbine. It will send the command for the turbine governing valve opening
degree and the governing command for boiler coal feeding amount and air
flow.
4.1 Turbine main controller
Turbine main controller is also called turbine main control loop. It mainly
plays the following functions: unit load control, main steam pressure control,
the interface between turbine main controller and DEH.
4.1.1 Unit load control
Under the unit coordinated control mode, the turbine controls the unit actual power to make it equal to
the unit actual load command.
LDC output command from load management center is sent to the turbine and boiler main controller at
the same time. Compare it with the unit actual power after the frequency modulation of turbine main
control LDC, and then after the correction via main steam pressure and sent out by regulator, thus it
can control the opening degree of turbine steam inlet valve via DEH to make the unit run based on the
load command requirement.
4.1.2 Main steam pressure control
When the unit control is under the turbine follow mode, the turbine adjusts the main steam pressure,
and controls the turbine steam inlet valve opening degree via DEH to make the main steam pressure
is equal to the set value.
 4.1.3 Manual control for turbine main controller
Under the following conditions, the turbine main controller is switched to manual control
mode:
4.1.3.1 Main steam pressure transmitter has fault;
4.1.3.2 Turbine trips;
4.1.3.3 MFT
4.1.3.4 High main steam pressure;
4.1.3.5 Bypass is in open mode;
4.1.3.6 Turbine non-remote operating mode;
4.1.3.7 The deviation of turbine main stop valve position delay;
4.1.3.8 The inlet deviation manual valve of turbine side pressure regulator alarms;
4.1.3.9 Choose basic mode;
The broken power transmitter or deviation of turbine side controller alarms.
4.1.4 The interface relation between turbine main controller and DEH

The CCS system sends CCS REMOTE CONTROL DEH signal to DEH system,
after meeting DEH requirements and the operation of DEH operator, then
sent one DEH CHOOSE REMOTE signal to CCS system, which means that
the DEH system can accept CCS load increasing or decreasing pulsing
signal. The DEH POWER CONTROL/GOVERNING STAGE PRESSURE
CONTROL LOOP signal from DEH system to CCS system displays the DEH
control loop and working state.
4.2 Boiler main controller
The boiler controller is also called main control loop. It is mainly used to realize
the boiler control, fuel amount follow during load rejection when the auxiliary has
fault.
4.2.1 Main steam pressure control
When the unit is under the AUXILIARY FAULT RUN BACK operating condition,
the actual load command is also sent to the boiler main control loop as the
feedforward signal, which makes the boiler combustion rate changes as the
load command change. Under the coordinated operating mode, the unit load
command is the unit actual load command. Under boiler follow mode, the unit
load command is the unit actual power. The main steam pressure deviation
signal is calibrated by the ratio integral regulator and finally the main steam
pressure follows the main steam pressure set. After the comparison between
main steam pressure and its set value via subtracter, the boiler main control
command is sent to the boiler combustion control system to change the fuel
amount and air flow, thus the main steam pressure equals to the set value of
main steam pressure.
4.2.2 Boiler control during run back when the auxiliary has fault
When the unit has run back because of the faulty auxiliary, the unit actual load command
drops to the load target value according to certain run back rate. When cutting off the
calibration loop for main steam pressure, the boiler main command changes as the run
back command directly.
4.2.3 Fuel amount follow mode
The load is mainly determined by fuel amount. When the fuel control is in manual mode,
the boiler main control has lost boiler load control capability. So the boiler main control
command must follow the actual fuel amount signal.
4.2.4 Unit fix pressure/sliding pressure set value:
In order to satisfy the unit economic operation, the system sets fix pressure/sliding pressure
operating mode.

4.2.4.1 Sliding pressure operating mode:

The sliding pressure operating mode can be put into operation under BF and CCS mode.
Put the sliding pressure operation into operation under BF mode, which can fix the turbine
valve on a certain position. The steam pressure rises as the load increasing. When it
reaches 90% of rated load, the pressure reaches the rated value. At this moment the
system should enter fix pressure operation to increase the load. Open the turbine valve
widely or put the turbine controller into operation to accept the target load command.
Under the LDC auto mode, use the sliding pressure mode in coordinated or BF mode. The
system will switch to the BF mode if the sliding pressure operation is put into operation in
TF mode.
Under the LDC auto mode, the unit sliding pressure mode is actually combined variable-
pressure operation mode：when the load is low, the unit operates under the fix lower
pressure. When the load is between 25% and 90%, the unit enters sliding pressure state,
and the main stop valve opening degree is fixed at about 91%, the main steam pressure
changes in the direct ratio as the load.When the main steam pressure reaches to the rated
value, the unit enters fix pressure operation mode again.
 Sliding Pressure
The sufficient and necessary condition for sliding pressure operation mode is
boiler main control is in automatic mode, and the operator sends the command to
put the sliding pressure mode into operation. The unit will withdraw sliding pressure
operation and enter fix pressure operation if any following condition is satisfied:
a. The operator sends the command to put the fix pressure mode into operation;
b. Unit enters basic mode;
c. Bypass startup;
d. Unit enters turbine following

4.2.4.2 Fix pressure operation mode

The unit withdraws the sliding pressure operation, that means it enters fix
pressure operation. During fix pressure operation, when the set value of the
main steam pressure is different from the target value, it will cause the set value
of main steam pressure increasing. The operator sets the increasing rate. Set
the increasing rate as zero in the following conditions.
Require to keep the main steam pressure set value increasing rate.
a. Enter basic mode
b. RB state
c. Bypass startup
DEHC
 Turbine Control System

Electrical Monitoring &

Protection System for
Small Turbine MEH
TSI DEH ETS Feedwater Pump
System
Steam Turbine
1 Turbine Supervision Instrument

1.1 General Description

Along with the continuous increasing of turbine generator unit capacity, more and
more items needed to be monitored. As the modernized huge type turbines usually
work under conditions which approach extreme limit, if there is thermal stress
which is close extreme limit generated during operation, it can easily
damage the turbine. At the same time, in order to improve economic operation,
large power units have smaller clearance between grades and gland seals. Under
abnormal workings conditions, it is easy to cause friction between motive and
static components, which causes serious accident such as shaft bending. For this
reason, in order to keep large power turbine safe, it is needed to monitor and
protect the operating conditions and operating parameters of turbine
generator. The application of TSI system could make effective and accurate
monitoring to operate turbine generator unit. Once the tested parameters exceed
limit, the protective device can activate accurately and reliably.
TSI are composed of rotating speed phase monitor, eccentricity monitor, axial
displacement monitor, expansion difference monitor, axial vibration monitor,
casing vibration monitor, thermal expansion monitor and over speed monitor.
2.1 DEH system general description
2.1.1 The turbine DEH control system is made up of control part, EH
hydraulic pressure system and safeguard system. It is mainly used to
control the rotation speed and power of turbine generator. It adopts the
advanced I/A Series open industry control system of Foxboro.
2.1.2 Under the automatic condition, the operator carries out the control
operations and image operations mainly through the mouse of the operator
station. The operator’s command is transmitted to the control FCS through
the operator station, and the I/O card will carry out the output control. The
unit state and result will be displayed on CRT.
3 Turbine Emergency Trip System

3.1 General description

ETS is also known as Turbine Emergency Trip System. It can be activated automatically
and close the quick closing inlet steam valve (all the main valves, governing valves when
turbine is in fault or generator tripped, the boiler main fuel tripped,). The ETS furnished
for this unit provides mechanical-hydraulic and electrical-hydraulic operating modes. That
is to say, the detection of fault can adopt mechanical and electric modes. But the closing
of steam inlet valve depends on the hydraulic governing system.

3.2 Mechanic-hydraulic type emergency trip

This Emergency trip device is a mechanic over speed fault detector. It will latch off ETS
by a flying ring due to centrifugal force when turbine rotating speed n≥3300r/min. The
emergency trip device drives the trip valves in the emergency trip valve group to change
direction and unload the high pressure safety oil; when the pressure of high pressure
safety valve is unloaded it will get through a single direction valve to make the over speed
limiting safety oil unload too, thus make the control oil pressure on unload valves of oil
driven motors for all the steam inlet valves, and all the unload valve will open.
Consequently, , the pressured oil at piston upper and lower in the oil movers for steam–
operated valves will flow to the drainage oil valve, causing all steam inlet valves closed
quickly. After all the main steam-operated valves are closed, corresponding position limit
switch signal will be provided to electrical control circuit for closing all the check valves.
3.3 Electric - hydraulic emergency trip
It detects faults in turbine and generator tripped failure, boiler main fuel trip
failure in electrical way. Then apply the electric trip signals to mechanic trip
electromagnet (3YV).
Triggered by the electrical trip, electromagnet (3YV) is then energized, causing
the stop mechanism to trip. The follow-up actions are described in item 2.
Although the exhaust check valves can be closed by using the signals
generated when main steam valve is fully closed. On the other hand, at the
moment when the above mentioned solenoid valves receives different
electrical trip signals, the check valves will be directly actuated and closed
quickly.
3.4 ETS electrical trip signals

3.4.1 Manual Shutdown Button in Main control room;

3.4.2 Turbine shutdown over speed: when the rotating speed of turbine reaches 330 r/min and above, the
overspeed relay in overspeed monitoring channels of TSI operates and output a trip signal after two- out- of -three
logic processing in ETS.
3.4.3 Lubrication Oil Pressure Low: when the lubrication oil pressure P ≤ 0.0392 MPa (set value for pressure
switch is P≤0.1192MPa, which is as specified in previous), pressure switch numbered PSA4, PSA6 and PSA6 in low
lubrication trip system are reset and then a trip signal is provided after two- out- of -three logic processing in ETS.
3.4.3 EH oil pressure low: when the pressure of fire-resistant oil P≤7.8MPa, the three pressure switches on
main pipe of fire resistant oil reset and then a trip signal is provided after two- out- of -three logic processing in ETS.
3.4.5 Condenser vacuum low: when the pressure of condenser P≥19.7KPa, the three vacuum switches
numbered PSB2-PSB4 in condenser low vacuum trip device operates ETS and t a trip signal is provided after two-
out- of -three logic processing for the 3 normally –closed contacts in ETS .
3.4.6 Excessive axial displacement: when the unit axial displacement versus thrust bearing increases (≥1.2mm
or ≤-1.65mm), the TSI will output a connection point to ETS trip signal;

3.4.7 Excessive turbine bearing vibration:

On the condition that
a) any one of axial vibration on X direction too large among shaft 1#～6# or
b) any of the bearings’ vibration on Y direction is too large (≥0.25mm) among bearings 1#～6#,
TSI will output Axial Vibration Too Large Signal. This combine logic is formed in TSI and TSI will then provide
a contact to ETS.
3.4.8 DEH shutdown failures: these are the turbine trip signal provided by the DEH manufacturer,
including DEH monitoring, turbine over speed and DEH rotating speed signal fault etc, which can output on-off
variables for ETS.
3.4.9 Boiler main fuel trip: it is the on/off signal sent from boiler which is to ETS to trip turbine.
3.4.10 Generator emergency shutdown: it is the on/off signal sent by generator to ETS to trip the
turbine.
3.4.11 Exhaust casing temperature over limit signal: it is the on-off signal sent by DCS to ETS to trip the
turbine.
1) Excessive Bearing Metal Temperature: it is the on/off signal from DCS to ETS.
2.1.3 Four governing steam valves are equipped at the inlet of turbine HP
casing. In command to ensure the safety operation of the turbine,
corresponding main stop valves should be equipped. All of the ten steam
inlet valves of turbine above-mentioned adopt oil actuator driven with the
HP fire-resistant oil as working medium. The six governing valves, CV、ICV
and the HP main stop valve MSV2 on the right side is continuously
controlled by the servo valve and the interface of the DEH micro computer.
The two-position control of HP main stop valve MSV1 on the left side and
two IP main stop valve RSV is carried out by the solenoid valve and DEH
interface.
In command to ensure the safety operation of turbine, there are redundant
protecting sleeves in the hydraulic pressure system.
Fly ring and test solenoid valve
HP and LP trip solenoid valve
Overspeed limiting solenoid valve

2.1.4 EH hydraulic pressure system includes oil feeding system, oil pipes,
and oil motor. EH oil feeding system also includes the emergency trip
system which controls the oil motor emergency shutdown and the
diaphragm valve. HP fire-resistant oil source is equipped with two
redundant sets of pressure oil pumps to ensure the continuous oil feeding.
2.1.5 The emergency trip system includes OPC solenoid valve, AST solenoid
valve and diaphragm valve.
The structure of OPC solenoid valves is two vales parallel connection. When
the OPC solenoid valve is energized, release OPC safety oil, and quickly
close the governing steam valve. The structure of AST solenoid valves is four
valves series/parallel connection. When AST solenoid valve is de-energized,
release AST safety oil and OPC safety oil, close all of the valves and shut
down. Connect the diaphragm valve with LP safety oil interface. When there
is no LP safety oil, releases AST safety oil by the diaphragm valve. Quickly
close the valve and shut down.
2.3 Main Functions of DEH Control System

2.3.1 Latch on
2.3.2 Set the static relationship of servo system
2.3.3 Control and start up before the startup
2.3.4 Automatically inspect the thermal state
2.3.5 Rotating speed control
2.3.6 Speed up: Set target, set speed-up rate, automatic passing the critical point, automatic turbine warming up,
and constant speed with 3000r/min.
2.3.7 Load control
2.3.8 Synchronization with initial load.
2.3.9 Pseudo - synchronization test of generator.
2.3.10 Automatic synchronization.
2.3.11 Run up: Set target, set loading rate, automatic turbine warming up.
2.3.12 Constant – sliding - constant run up.
2.3.13 Load feedback control.
2.3.14 Primary frequency regulation.
2.3.15 CCS control.
2.3.16 High load limit.
2.3.17 Low load limit.
2.3.18 Valve position limit.
2.3.19 Main steam pressure control.
2.3.20 Main steam pressure limit.
2.3.21 Run back.
2.3.22 Switchover of single valve and sequence valve
2.3.23 Over speed protection control
2.3.24 Load rejection over speed limit
2.3.25 103% over speed control
2.3.26 Acceleration protection
2.3.27 Over speed protection
2.3.28 On-line test
2.3.29 Oil spray test
2.3.30 Over speed test: electrical over speed test, mechanical over speed test
2.3.31 Valve opening and closing tests
2.3.32 HP trip solenoid valve test
2.3.33 Valve leakage test
2.3.34 Control mode switchover
2.3.35 Turbine auto/manual mode
2.3.36 Shutdown
2.5 DEH System Function Test
2.5.1 Valve test
DEH has two modes for testing: the valve test (full travel closing test) and the
valve looseness (movement) test. For the former one, close the full travel
during the test and for the latter close the valve for 10％-20％ only on the
current position. In order to avoid the influence on the load, the fill travel test is
required to be carried out when unit load is 60％-80％ of the rated load, and the
power loop should be put into service. The valve looseness test can be carried
out under full load condition.

2.5.1.1 Conditions for valve looseness test:

All the main stop valves are open;
Synchronization;
Load is within 50MW-310MW;
Test on the OTS display is in permission position.

2.5.1.2 Main stop valve movement test

Let OIS enter the VALVE TEST display and set the TEST ON/OFF to the
TEST position, and then press the TEST IN button of the valves which need to
be carried out with the movement test.
Choose the corresponding HP and IP main stop valve test;
Close the chosen main stop valve and after it is in the correct position,
reopen it and then the test is finished.
 2.5.4 Oil spray test
To ensure the emergency governor flying ring can fly out quickly to trip steam
turbine when the unit is over-speed, the movement test of the flying ring should be
regularly conducted. During this movement test, inject the oil to the flying ring to increase
the centrifugal force to make the flying ring fly out. However, the latch off should not occur
even if the flying ring fly out due to the oil spray test, add the testing isolation valve to
increase the reliability.
Conditions for oil spray test permission:
Oil spray test permission button should be at the permission position;
Rotating speed should be within 2985r/min-3015r/min;
HP differential expansion should be less than 3mm.
During the test, 4YV is energized, and after detecting the isolation solenoid valve is
after the isolation position, the 2YV would be energized and then oil is injected into the
emergency governor, so the flying ring is kicked out. At this time, ZS2 would send out
signal and then the 2YV is deenergized. After a period of time, 1YV latches automatically
and after latching the isolation solenoid valve would be deenergized and the emergency
governor would restore to NORMAL position, and this means the test is successful.
After the completion of the oil spray test, operators should turn OIL SPRAY TEST
PERMISSION button to the NORMAL position.
2.5.5 AST Solenoid Valve Test

For increasing the reliability, the HP trip solenoid valve use double redundant
structure which is two in parallel and two in serial. It ensures that the on-line
test can be carried out for the HP trip solenoid valve. The operator can do the
HP trip solenoid valve test on the display of OSI station, after switch the test
key-switch to the permitted position. During the test, the operator only can
select one solenoid valve to do the test each time.
Under the normal condition, if the electromagnets of the 6YV, 7YV, 8YV and
9YV HP trip solenoid valve carry the power, the 4PS and 5PS of pressure
switch doesn’t work. During the normal test, the electromagnet of 7YV or 9YV
loss the power and operate, the pressure switch 5PS operate. If the power
lose time of electromagnet is more than 15 seconds, and the signal of 5PS
pressure switch doesn’t correct, the test can be considered in fault. After the
test for electromagnet of 7YV and 9YV is finished, make the 7YV and 9YV
carry the power again. And then, the test for 6YV and 8YV can be performed,
the electromagnet of 6YV or 8YV lose the power and operate, the pressure
4PS operate. If the power lose time of electromagnet is more than 15
seconds, and the signal of 4PS doesn’t correct, the test can be considered in
fault. After the test for 6YV and 8YV is finished, make the 6YV and 8YV carry
the power again.
TERIMA KASIH