“Water quality analysis of water

supply in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.”

Guided By: Prepared By:

Prof. Shivendra Kumar Jha Vinita Purohit (13012071103)

Assistant Professor Sidharth Anand (13012071116)
Civil Engineering Harsh Soni (13012071029)
Department Hiren Patel (14012072006)
UVPCE, Kherva. Akash Patel (12012071051)
Flow of Presentation
 Introduction
 Need for Study
 Objective
 Scope of work
 Literature Review
 Study Area
 Methodology
 Data Collection
 Data Analysis
 Conclusion
 References 2
Introduction
• Due to increase in urbanization, industrialization, agriculture activity and various human
activities, there has been an increase in the pollution of surface water & ground water. We
need safe & potable drinking water; hence various treatment methods are adopted to raise
the quality of drinking water.

• Water should be free from the various contaminations viz. Organic and Inorganic
pollutants, Heavy metals, Pesticides etc. as well as all its parameter like pH, Electrical
Conductivity, Turbidity, Temperature, Total Hardness, Total Dissolved Solid, Alkalinity,
DO (Dissolved Oxygen), chlorides, etc should be within the permissible limit.

3
• Water is the most important part of any living being. If any water is contaminated, it
produces harmful effect on human beings and other living creatures. Many health issues
can occur if the parameters considered in the portable water exceeds the permissible limit.

• Water quality measures the condition of water relative to the requirements of one or more
biotic species & or to any human need or purpose.

• Overall, having access to safe drinking water is a major factor in preventing deaths and
improving quality of life for low-income households around the world.

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Need For Study
• Having access to safe water is something no human being should be without. The
implications of drinking unsafe, contaminated water are numerous and still not fully
understood.

• Drinking microbial contaminated water leads to diarrheal diseases, such as cholera. Each
year about 760,000 children under the age of five die from diarrheal disease and it is the
second leading cause of death in children (WHO 2014) at Tamale, Ghana, Africa.
Additionally, diarrheal disease weakens the immune system leading to higher risk of other
diseases as well.

• There are also a number of other diseases, such as guinea worm, which are transmitted
through contact with contaminated water when people use contaminated surface waters
for drinking and washing.
5
• The pH and the turbidity are influenced by the differences between the rainy season and
the dry season.

6
Objective
• To study and measure the various parameters affecting the quality of portable water.

7
Scope of work
• The scope is restricted to analyzing the variation in the values of parameters with respect
to time.

8
 Literature review
Sr. Literature Name Publication and Year Author Research Flaws
No
1 Water Quality Analysis of the Department of Civil and Allison Jean N.A
Piped Water Supply in Environmental Hansen
Tamale, Ghana. Engineering
2014
Keywords: Seasonal variation, GWCL, Intermittent water supply, supply pipe quality.

Summary: The GWCL had handwritten notebooks containing almost ten years of water quality sample
data. This data was entered into a computer database, for analyzing seasonal and geographic trends. Also,
seasonal trends do impact the pH and turbidity of source water. Total coliform was present in 2% of
samples. Contamination also happens very readily during storage due to high usage of unsafe storage
containers in Tamale.

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• Conclusion: pH values after treatment range from about 6 to greater than 9 and 1.4% of samples had no
free chlorine available. Hence, the water of Tamale was contaminated.
10
2 Analysis of water quality International Journal Sandeep Arya, Vinit N. A
parameters of Ground water in of Current Research Kumar and
and around Diamond Cement 2012 Sudarshana Sharma
industry, Jhansi, Central India

Keywords: Water Quality, Groundwater, Cement Industry.

Summary: The present study was carried out to assess the impacts of industrial activities on the ground
water quality in and around the Diamond cement industry, Madora, Jhansi. The quality was assessed in
terms of hydro chemical parameters. Groundwater samples were collected from ten sites (bore wells) in
and around industry throughout the six months. Water quality parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, alkalinity,
total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate and fluoride were analyzed to know the present
status of ground water quality.

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• Conclusion: It was concluded that the drinking water of MIDC area, Nagpur is not potable. To maintain
quality of groundwater, the continuous monitoring of physicochemical parameters should be done and
can be used for cooking and drinking only after prior treatment. 12
3 Qualitative and International Journal of Anwar Khalid, The procedure of
quantitative analysis of the Physical Sciences Amir Haider Malik, experiments is not
drinking water samples of 2011 Amir Waseem, given properly.
different localities in Shazmeen Zahra
Abbottabad district, and Ghulam
Pakistan Murtaza

Keywords: Abbottabad, qualitative analysis, water-borne diseases.

Summary: The results indicated certain sources of water-borne diseases in drinking water, which are
common in the people of a particular area. Minimum total coliform count found in Abbottabad district
water sample was 15/100 ml.

13
• Conclusion: The drinking water collected from different areas of Abbottabad district was not found to
be suitable for human health due to microbiological issues. X-Rays water filler can be used for clarifying
water form microorganism. 14
4 A Study on the Water Department Of Civil Engineering, Shikhar Firmal N.A
Quality of NIT National Institute Of Technology,
Rourkela Rourkela 769008
2009

Keywords: Water quality, IS: 10500, pH, hardness, total solids, total suspended solids, residual chlorine,
alkalinity, turbidity, BOD, dissolved oxygen, chloride.

Summary: The present study the quality of drinking water supplied to the hostels, canteens and campus of
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela. The average temperature, concentration of pH, turbidity, TDS
(Total Dissolved Solids), TSS (Total Suspended Solids), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), BOD (Biochemical
Oxygen Demand), total hardness, alkalinity and chloride are found to be 27.38⁰C, 7.37, 2.438 NTU, 156.8
mg/l, 2.653 mg/l, 42.156 mg/l, 3.6 mg/l, 8.65 mg/l, 102.3mg/l and 21.2 mg/l respectively.

Conclusion: The average ranges of physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water quality are as
per the ground water quality.
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5 Analysis of water quality Indian Journal of Science K. Saravanakumar N.A
parameters of groundwater and Technology and R. Ranjith
near Ambattur industrial 2011 Kumar
area, Tamil Nadu, India

Keywords: Groundwater, Ambattur, Chennai, India

Summary: This paper presents groundwater quality of Ambattur industrial area in Chennai City. Ten
different locations were selected for the study and compared. The parameters studied were pH, total
alkalinity, total hardness, turbidity, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, total dissolved solids and conductivity.
Comparison of the physico-chemical parameters of the water sample with WHO and ICMR limits showed
that the groundwater is highly contaminated and account for health hazards for human use. Groundwater
samples were collected from ten different locations of Ambattur town during the post-rainy season
(November 2010).

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• Conclusion: The results of water investigation show that the waters of the study area are highly
contaminated with total dissolved solids. As a result of high concentration of TDS, water loses its
portability and reduces the solubility of oxygen in water. Water of almost all study points is hard and
contaminated because of this, people of Ambattur area are prone for the immediate health problems such
as stomach diseases, gastric troubles etc. 17
Study Area
• It comprises of four locations of Gandhinagar city.
1) Raysan city area
2) Raysan village area
3) Dholakuva
4) Sector 30

18
 19
Source : Google Maps
Methodology
1) Dissolved Oxygen

• Fill the sample in 300 ml BOD bottle, avoiding bubbles.

• Add 2 ml of Manganese Sulphate, followed by 2 ml of alkali-iodine-azide reagent and allow to it settle
for sufficient time.
• Add 2 ml of Concentrated Sulphuric acid just above the surface of the sample.
• The sample is stored for up to 8 hours.
• Titration of 203 ml of solution from the bottle is done in a conical flask, against sodium thiosulphate
using starch as indicator (3-4 drops) till first disappearance of blue colour to colourless.

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2) Total Solids

• Measure empty weight of evaporating dish on an analytical balance.

• Place 75 ml of sample in the dish and put it in oven at 105◦C for at least one hour.
• Measure the weight of residue left as soon as it gets cool.

3) pH

• Place 100 ml of sample in a beaker.

• Now place electrode in the beaker and check the reading in the pH meter. Wait till it gets stable.

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4) Chloride

• Take 20ml of sample in a 250 ml conical flask.

• Add 1 ml of Potassium Chromate indicator to get yellow colour.
• Titrate the sample with silver nitrate solution until colour changes to brick red.

5) Turbidity

• Place a standard solution of 40 NTU and distilled water sample for calibrating the meter.
• Add sample water in the sample cells up to the horizontal mark, wipe the surface and place it in the
turbidity meter.
• Check for the reading in the turbidity meter. Wait until you get a stable reading.

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6) Total Hardness

• Take 20 ml of sample in a 250 ml conical flask.

• Add 2 ml of Ammonium Buffer solution, so that pH remains between 9-10.
• Add few drops of EBT indicator, and sample turns to red wine colour.
• Titrate it against EDTA solution till blue colour appears.

7) Electrical Conductivity

• Weigh 0.7456g of Potassium Chloride and transfer it into beaker containing distilled water of 100 ml,
and mix it properly with a glass rod. This solution is used to calibrate the meter.
• Measure 200 ml of sample and place it in a beaker. Dip the electrode into the sample and wait till steady
reading appears.

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8) Alkalinity

• Take 100 ml of sample in a 250 ml of conical flask.

• Add few drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Pink colour will appear due to the alkalinity of hydroxyl
ions of the sample.
• Titrate it against 0.02N sulphuric acid till pink colour disappears. Note the titter volume.
• To the same solution, add few drops of methyl orange. The colour will turn into blue due to the CO32-
and HCO3- ions in water.
• Continue the titration from the point where stopped before, till solution becomes red. The entire titter
volume is used for calculating total alkalinity.

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Data Collection
Sr. No Parameter November- December-2016 January-2017 February-2017 March-2017
2016
1 pH 7.11 7.38 7.41 7.40 7.78

2 Turbidity (NTU) 2 1 1 1 2

3 Alkalinity (mg/l as 83 83 84 83 84
CaCO3)
4 Chloride (mg/l) 154.95 154.95 159.95 154.95 159.95

5 Dissolved Oxygen 7.6 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.6

(mg/l)
6 Total Hardness 165 170 168 170 250
(mg/l as CaCO3)
7 Total Solids (mg/l) 280 248 252 246 252

8 Electric 289.1 289.4 289.3 289.6 289.7

Conductivity
(µmho)
25
Raysan City Area
Sr. No Parameter November-2016 December-2016 January-2017 February-2017 March-2017

1 pH 6.78 7.22 7.19 7.18 7.06

2 Turbidity (NTU) 4 2 1 1 2

3 Alkalinity (mg/l 85 85 - - 84
as CaCO3)
4 Chloride (mg/l) 154.95 164.94 154.95 154.95 159.95

5 Dissolved 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.6 7.9

Oxygen (mg/l)

6 Total Hardness 260 255 250 255 265

(mg/l as CaCO3)
7 Total Solids 342 186 184 188 186
(mg/l)

8 Electric 384.2 351.9 352.2 351.8 352.3

Conductivity
(µmho) 26
Raysan Village Area
Sr. No Parameter November-2016 December-2016 January-2017 February-2017 March-2017

1 pH 6.91 7.27 7.26 7.28 7.61

2 Turbidity (NTU) 4 2 2 1 2

3 Alkalinity (mg/l 83 82 84 83 82
as CaCO3)
4 Chloride (mg/l) 159.95 154.95 156.95 144.95 154.95

5 Dissolved 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.5

Oxygen (mg/l)

6 Total Hardness 275 275 275 275 275

(mg/l as CaCO3)
7 Total Solids 126 128 134 128 126
(mg/l)

8 Electric 351.4 350.2 348.8 348.7 346.2

Conductivity
27
(µmho) Sector 30
Sr. No Parameter November-2016 December-2016 January-2017 February-2017 March-2017

1 pH 6.97 7.19 7.21 7.29 7.71

2 Turbidity (NTU) 3 2 2 2 3

3 Alkalinity (mg/l 87 86 82 84 83
as CaCO3)
4 Chloride (mg/l) 154.95 159.95 159.95 158.95 149.95

5 Dissolved 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.6 7.8

Oxygen (mg/l)

6 Total Hardness 245 245 250 240 255

(mg/l as CaCO3)
7 Total Solids 334 250 256 262 256
(mg/l)

8 Electric 297.8 299.1 297.6 297.7 297.6

Conductivity
(µmho) 28
Dholakuva
Data analysis
8

pH
7.8

7.6

7.4

7.2 Raysan-v
Raysan-c
Sector-30
7
Dholakuva

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.2
Nov Dec Jan Feb March
29
4.5
Turbidity (NTU)
4

3.5

2.5 Raysan-v
Raysan-c
Sector-30
2
Dholakuva

1.5

0.5

0
Nov Dec Jan Feb March
30
8.1

8 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)

7.9

7.8

7.7

Raysan-v

7.6 Raysan-c
Sector-30
Dholakuva
7.5

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1
Nov Dec Jan Feb March
31
88

Alkalinity (mg/l as CaCO3)

87

86

85

84
Raysan-v
Raysan-c
Sector-30
83
Dholakuva

82

81

80

79
Nov Dec Jan Feb March

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170

165
Chlorides (mg/l)

160

155

Raysan-v

150 Raysan-c
Sector-30
Dholakuva

145

140

135

130
Nov Dec Jan Feb March

33
450

Electrical Conductivity (µmho/cm3)

400

350

300

250
Raysan-v
Raysan-c
Sector-30
200
Dholakuva

150

100

50

0
Nov Dec Jan Feb March

34
400

Total Solids (mg/l)

350

300

250

Raysan-v

200 Raysan-c
Sector-30
Dholakuva

150

100

50

0
Nov Dec Jan Feb March

35
300

Total Hardness (mg/l as CaCO3)

250

200

Raysan-v

150 Raysan-c
Sector-30
Dholakuva

100

50

0
Nov Dec Jan Feb March 36
Conclusion

• The average ranges of physical and chemical characteristics of water quality are all within
the permissible limits given by IS 10500:2012.
• There is variation in the values of parameters for different months, but all are under the
limits prescribed by GPCB/ CPCB.
• There is much variation in values of TS from November to December in Raysan (village)
and Dholakuva. Also, there is vast variation in values of chlorides in each area for
different months. Dissolved oxygen values varied a lot for months of November and
December in Raysan (village) and Sector 30. Also, there is much variation in Turbidity
values from November to December.
• This variation is due to the agricultural runoff happening at those areas.

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Sr. No Comments Actions

1 Title change “Water quality analysis of the kherva village and its surrounding.” to
“Water quality analysis of water supply in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.”
2 To Justify the content Done
3 Literature review Addition of tabular form and data and figures.

Done
4 Changing the locations From Kherva and its surrounding to Gandhinagar city with various
different locations having industrial and agricultural factors affecting the
quality of water.

5 Literature review Addition of more details regarding the papers.

Done
38
 References
• Allison Jean Hansen; “Water Quality Analysis of the Piped Water Supply in Tamale, Ghana” ;
University of Minnesota Morris, 2013

• Analysis of water quality parameters of Ground Water in and around Diamond Cement Industry, Jhansi,
Central India; Sandeep Arya , Vinit Kumar and Sudarshana Sharma; International Journal of Current
Research, March, 2012

• Anwar Khalid, Amir Haider Malik, Amir Waseem, Shazmeen Zahra and Ghulam Murtaza; “Qualitative
and quantitative analysis of drinking water samples of different localities in Abbottabad district,
Pakistan” ; International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 2011

39
• Assessment of Physico-Chemical Quality of Groundwater in rural area nearby Sagar city, MP,
India; Hemant Pathak and S. N. Limaye ; Pelagia Research Library ,Advances in Applied
Science Research, 2012

• Atikeh Afzali, Kaka Shahedi, Mahmoud Habib Nezhad Roshan, Karim Solaimani, Ghorban
Vahabzadeh; “Groundwater Quality Assessment in Haraz Alluvial Fan, Iran” ; International
Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences, 2014

• K. Saravanakumar and R. Ranjith Kumar; “Analysis of water quality parameters of

groundwater near Ambattur industrial area, Tamil Nadu, India” ; Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, 2011

40
• Laboratory Manual, Environmental Engineering-1, Civil Dept., UVPCE

• Mensah Mawuli Kwame; “Assessment of drinking water quality in Ehi community in the Ketu
- north district of the Volta region of Ghana.” ; The Department Of Theoretical And Applied
Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science And Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, 2011

• P.Satyanarayana, N.AppalaRaju, K.Harikrishna and K.Viswanath; “Urban Groundwater

Quality Assessment: A Case Study Of Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation Area
(Gvmc), Andhra Pradesh, India” ; International Journal of Engineering Science Invention,
2013

• Shikhar Firmal; “A Study on the Water Quality of NIT Rourkela” ; Department of civil
engineering, National Institute Of Technology Rourkela, 2009

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THANK YOU

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