Steam Jet Injector

Steam Jet Ejector
 Introduction
 Principle
 Construction
 Working
 Paper
Introduction
 The first steam ejectors were developed in early 1900’s. Steam jet ejectors offer a simple,
reliable, low-cost way to produce vacuum.
“Steam-jet ejector is a device, which convert pressure

energy in a fluid into velocity energy in the same fluid”
Principle
 An ejector is based upon Bernoulli’s principle which states :
“When the sped of fluid increases its pressure

decreases”
 According to this principle the pressure energy in motive fluid is

converted into velocity energy.
Construction
 Nozzle
 Mixing Chamber
 Diverging diffuser
 Discharge of mixed fluid
Working
 A high pressure motive fluid enters in ejector. The ejector uses converging nozzle to increase
the fluid velocity which transform the pressure energy of high pressure motive fluid into
velocity energy. This conversion gives the result in low-pressure zone(create vacuum) before
the mixing chamber. It refer the pressure curve where pressure is decreased and velocity
increased. After that suction fluid, typically air will start to move toward it(M.C) and mix with
motive fluid in mixing chamber. The velocity of fluid at mixing chamber is approximately 600
to 900 m/s.
Then mixture passes through diffuser. There the mix fluid expands, its velocity
is
reduced and its pressure increased, resulting in recompressing the mixed fluid by
converting velocity energy back into pressure energy. Thereby mixture gained
higher
pressure send to the atmosphere or some closed system.
Advantages Disadvantages
 Ejectors could be built from  Same with other high vacuum
variety of materials. system, plant engineers tend not
to have first hand knowledge into
 Ejectors can be incorporated troubleshooting problems in the
into harsh environment. system.
 No moving parts to adjust or  Because many ejectors are
repair. custom-built with high
 Highly Reliability, because of tolerances and very accurate
the fact there are no moving dimension, spare parts are not
parts. readily available. Reworking of
the parts are discouraged
 Easy installation, many because reworking affect the
ejectors systems are compact performance of the system.
and could be installed easily Extra parts must be kept handy
into an existing system. in case something happens to
the system.
Abstract
Although the construction and operation principle of jet ejectors

are well known. The conventional steam jet ejector has three main
parts :
 Nozzle
 The Suction Chamber
 The Diffuser
The Nozzle and diffuser have the geometry of converging diverging
nozzle.
 The diameter and length of various parts forming the nozzle, the
diffuser and the suction chamber, together with the stream flow rate
and properties which define the ejectors capacity and performance.
Ejector Capacity :-
It is defined in term of the flow rate of the motive steam and the
entrained vapor. The sum of the motive and entrained vapor mass flow
rates gives the mass flow rate of compressed vapor.
Ejector Performance:-
It is defined in terms of entrainment, expansion and the compression
ratio:
 Entrainment Ratio
It is flow rate of entrained vapor divided by flow rate of motive steam.
 Expansion Ratio
It is the ratio of motive steam pressure to entrained vapor pressure.
 Compression Ratio
It gives pressure ratio of compressed vapor to entrained vapor.
Variation in velocity & pressure
inside ejector
• The motive steam enter the ejector at point(P) with subsonic
velocity.
• As the steam flow in the converging part of the ejector its pressure
is reduced and its velocity is increased. The steam reaches sonic
velocity at the nozzle throat.
• At the nozzle outlet plane point (2), the motive steam pressure
become lower than entrained vapor pressure and its velocity ranges
b/w 900 and 1200 m/s.
• The Entrained vapor at point (e) enters the ejector where its velocity
increases and its pressure decreases to the point (3).
• The motive steam and entrained vapor streams may mix with the
suction chamber and converging section of diffuser or it may flow
as two separate streams as it enters the constant cross section area
of the diffuser, where mixing occurs.
• The mixture goes through shock inside the constant cross-section
area. The Shock is associated with an increase in the mixture
pressure and reduction of the mixture velocity to subsonic
conditions. The shock occurs due to conversion of velocity energy
back into pressure energy.

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Steam Jet Ejector

“Steam-jet ejector is a device, which convert pressure

 An ejector is based upon Bernoulli’s principle which states :

“When the sped of fluid increases its pressure

 According to this principle the pressure energy in motive fluid is

Although the construction and operation principle of jet ejectors

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