Iris Scanning

JITHIN M P
ELS5
REGNO:17042200
ROLL NO:19
CONTENT
 Need for biometric
 Biometric and Iris scanning
 When
 What
 Why
 How(The science behind it)
 Recording and Identifies
 Merits
 Demerits
 Application
 Conclusion
 References
As per wikipedia,
“Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely
recognizing humans based upon one or more
intrinsic physical or behavioral traits”
The need for biometrics

-> Rapid development in technology
-> Globalization
1936
• Idea was proposed by ophthalmologist Frank Burch
1980
• Appeared in the Bond Films
1987
• Aram Safir & leonard Flom patented the idea and asked John Doug
man to create actual algorithms for that. John Dougman
created this algorithm and patented that in the same year..
1987
• Licensee Sensar deployed special cameras in ATMs of NCR corps and
Diebold Corps
1997-1999
• “Panasonic Authenticam” was ready for use in public places
like airports
The iris is a Protective internal organ of the eye. It is easily visible from
yards away as a colored disk, behind the clear protective window of the
cornea, surrounded by the white tissue of the eye. It is the only internal
organ of the body normally visible externally. It is a thin diaphragm
stretching across the anterior portion of the eye and supported by lens.
Going the layman way the biometric identification of
the iris is called as “IRIS SCANNING”.But as per WIKIPEDIA,
“Iris recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses pattern-
recognition techniques based on high-resolution images of the irides of an
individual's eyes.”
The iris is a living password
Artificial duplication is virtually impossible
400 identifying features
Probability of matching of two irises is 1:1078
Genetic independency
Its inherent isolation and protection from

the external environment.
 The design and implementation of a system for
automated iris recognition can be subdivided in to
3 major parts:-
 1. IMAGE ACQUISITION
 To acquireimages with sufficient resolution and
sharpness to support recognition.
2. IRIS LOCALIZATION
 To delemit the iris from the rest of the image.

 3. PATTERN
MATCHING
 The Iris Code derived from this process is compared
with previously generated Iris Code.

 · Highly protected, internal organ of the eye
 · Externally visible; patterns imaged from a
distance
 · Iris patterns possess a high degree of
randomness
.Uniqueness: set by combinatorial
complexity
·Changing pupil size confirms natural
physiology
 · Limited genetic penetrance of iris
patterns
 · Patterns apparently stable
 · Small target (1 cm) to acquire from a distance
(1m)
 · Located behind a curved, wet, reflecting
surface
 · Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections
 · Partially occluded by eyelids, often drooping
 · Illumination should not be visible or bright
 . ATMs
 .Fugitive track record
 .Computer login: The iris as a living password.
 · National Border Controls: The iris as a living password.
 · Ticket less air travel.
 · Premises access control (home, office, laboratory etc.).
 · Driving licenses and other personal certificates.
 · Forensics, birth certificates, tracking missing or wanted
person
 · Credit-card authentication.
 · Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices.
 · Anti-terrorism (e.g.:— suspect Screening at airports)
 · Secure financial transaction (e-commerce, banking).
 · Internet security, control of access to privileged information.
Iris recognition system is also finding unexpected applications. The best know
example involved using iris recognition to confirm the identification of a mysterious
young afghan woman named Sharbat Gula originally photographed by Steve
McCurry in 1984.Some 18 years later, McCurry photographed Sharbat Gula in
Afghanistan .At the behest of National Geographic, Dr.John Dougman,developer of
the Iris recognition system, then compared the irises in the photographs using his
algorithms. He concluded that the eyes were a match.
 The technical performance capability of the iris recognition
process far surpasses that of any biometric technology now
available. Iridian process is defined for rapid exhaustive
search for very large databases: distinctive capability
required for authentication today. The extremely low
probabilities of getting a false match enable the iris
recognition algorithms to search through extremely large
databases, even of a national or planetary scale. Iris-based
biometric technology has always been an exceptionally
accurate one, and it may soon grow much more prominent.
 · http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk
 ·
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_recognitio
n
 .www.seminars4u.com
 Daugman J (1999) "Biometric decision landscapes."
Technical Report No TR482,
 University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

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JITHIN M P

The need for biometrics

Artificial duplication is virtually impossible

400 identifying features

Probability of matching of two irises is 1:1078

Its inherent isolation and protection from

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