ANALYSIS OF RATES

• The process of determining rate of any work in Civil

Engineering project like earthwork, concrete work,
brickwork, plastering, painting etc. is known as Analysis of
Rates or simply Rate Analysis.
• To determine the rate of a particular item of work from a
quantities of materials and labours required and their costs.

• The rates of materials and labour are changing from place to

place, therefore the rates of different items of work also
changes from place to place
 Need of rate analysis
• To determine the actual cost per unit of the items.
• To work out the economical use of materials and processes
in completing the particulars item.
• To calculate the cost of extra items which are not provided
in the contract bond, but are to be executed as per the
directions of the department.
• To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in the cost of
material and labour or due to change in technique.
Purpose of Analysis of Rates
• The quantities of material required and
their cost should be known.
• The number of different categories of
labours required.
• The capacity of doing work per labours
and their wages per day should be
known.
The various factors that are involved in determining rate of any
process or work are mentioned below :
 Specifications of works and material about their quality,
proportion and constructional operation method.
 Quantity of materials and their cost of labour and their
wages.
 Location of site of work and its distances from source of
material and the rate of transport and availability of water
i.e., conveyance charges.
 Overhead and establishment charges.
 Profit.
Standard Data Book
• It is a book in which the quantity of a material and labour required
per unit of various finished items of work has been standardized.

Standard Schedule of Rate

• It is a book in which the rates of all the material at source, the
wages of the labour, conveyance charge of material where fixed
by the competent engineering authority for each year for various
government department.
 Every Estimate should be accompanied by the
analysis of rates of the items provided in it .
 Analysis of rates comprises of
 Cost of Material
 Cost of Labour
 T&P
 Carriage
 Contractor’s Profit
• Tools and Plants ( T & P ) = 2.5 to 3 % of the labour cost

• Transportation cost will be consider when the

distance is more than 8 km.

• Water charges =1.5 to 2 % 0f total cost

• Contractor ‘ s profit = 10 %
 Terminology
 Labour : May be classified into three types.
• Skilled Ist class
• Skilled IInd class
• Unskilled
 Labour charges can be obtained from Schedule of Rates.
30% of the skilled labour in data should be taken as Ist
class and remaining 70% as IInd class.
 Lead Statement: The distance between the source of
availability of material and construction site is known as
Lead and is calculated in km. The conveyance cost of
material depends on lead
 The lead statement will give the total cost of materials per
unit item including first cost, conveyance loading-
unloading, stacking charges etc.
Typical example of lead statement

Analysis of Rates from Lead Statement

 Terminology
Lead : During the earthwork, the average horizontal distance
between center of excavation to the center of deposition is known as
Lead.
• Lead is normally calculated in multiple of 50m
Lift : Similarly during the earthwork, the average height
through which soil has to be lifted from source to the place of
spreading(also known as heaping) is known as Lift.
• The first Lift is taken up to 2m.
• The extra lift is counted for up to 1m after the first lift and
so on.
Typical example of Lift
 Let us say we need to calculate number of lifts when
soil is to be lifted 3.5m from the source.
• Up to 2m : 1 Lift
• 1m : 1 Lift
• 0.5 m : 1 Lift

 Total number of lifts are 3 in this case.

 Rates of Materials and Labours :
• 1st class bricks = Rs 4500 per 1000 Nos.
• 2ndclass bricks = RS 4000 per 1000 Nos.
• Brick Ballast= Rs 800 per cum
• Coarse sand= Rs 800 per cum
• Cement 50 kg bag = Rs 350 per bag
• Twisted bars = Rs 5000 per Quintel
• Bitumen – Rs 10 per Kg
 Rates of Materials and Labours :
• Mason = Rs 450 per day
• Plasterer = Rs 400 per day
• Carpenter = Rs 400 per day
• Bhishti = Rs 250 per day
• Mazdoor = Rs 250 per day
• Painter = Rs 300 per day
• Mason: a person skilled in cutting, dressing, and laying stone in
buildings
• Mazdoor: an unskilled laborer
• Bhishti: The workers who primarily do curing of the concrete,
supply water to workmen, diverting water at sites, etc. at
construction sites. Since these works involves less physical strain,
female coolies (FC) are employed. So as the name ‘Bhisti’ became
synonymous to female coolie or female work-women in the Indian
Construction Industry.
• Plasterer: a person whose job it is to apply plaster to walls, ceilings,
or other structures.
• Painter: a person whose job is painting buildings.
• Carpenter: a person who makes and repairs wooden objects and
structures
• Blacksmith: a person who makes and repairs things in iron by hand.
• Sudries: Miscellaneous small items, usually of no large value and
too numerous to mention separately, such as. Dry goods.
 Labour required for different work
 Earth work in excavation (% cum):
 Mazdoor = 33
 Mason = 1.5
 Earth work in Filling (% cum)
 Mazdoor = 18
 Mason = 0.5
 Cement concrete in foundation
 Mazdoor = 15
 Mason = 1.5
 Bhishti = 2
 Cement concrete
 Mazdoor = 15
 Mason = 1
 Bhishti = 2.5
 Reinforced Cement concrete (10 cum )
 Mazdoor = 40
 Manson = 2.5
 Bhishti = 5
 Blacksmith = 4
 Carpenter = 4
 DPC (10 cum)
 Mazdoor = 2.5
 Mason = 1.5
 Bhishti = 0.5
 1st class brick work
 Mazdoor = 15
 Mason = 8
 Bhishti = 2
 Plastering work (100 sq.m.)
• Mazdoor = 10
• Mason = 10
• Bhishti = 2
 Distempering/painting/white washing
(100 sq.m.)
 Mazdoor = 5
 Painter =4
ANALYSIS OF RATES

Example 1. Find out dry materials required

for 1 cu m. C. concrete 1:4:8 in foundation.

Solution.
Ratio = 1:4:8 (cement,sand and aggregate)

Sum = 1+4+8=13
cont..
Total dry mortar for 1 cu m cement concrete
=1.54 cu m
Therefore the following materials are
required:

Cement = (1*1.54*1)/13=0.1184*(1440/50)
= 3.41 bags

Sand = (4*1.54*1)/13
= 0.47 cu m
cont..
Aggregate (Brick ballast) = (8*1.54*1)/13
= 0.94 cu m
so materials for 1 cu m cement concrete
1:4:8.

Cement 3.41 bags

Sand 0.47 cu m Ans.

Brick ballast 0.94 cu m

 Example 2. Find out dry materials for 1
cu m lime concrete.

Solution:
Ratio = 1:2 (lime,surkhi)

Sum = 1+2
=3
Total dry mortar for 1 cu m lime concrete
= 0.40 (lime, surkhi mortar)
 Therefore the following materials are
required.

Lime = (1*0.40)/3
= 0.13 cu m

Surkhi = (2*0.40)/3
= 0.27 cu m

Aggregate (brick ballast) = 1.00 cu m

Materials required for1 cu m lime cocrete 1:2

Lime 0.13 cu m

Surkhi 0.27 cu m Ans.

Brick ballast 1.00 cu m

 ANALYSIS OF RATES OF DIFFERENT
ITEMS OF WORK.

1. Excavation for foundation: payment

% cu m
(a)Materials at the site for % cu m nil
No material is required Rs. P.

(b)labour for % cu m
Mazdoor 33 nos.@ 250.00/day = 8250.00
Mason 1 no. @ 450.00 = 450
Sundries and T & P 3% on labour= 0.03* 8700 = 261
Total=8700+261
=8961

(c)Add 10% contractor’s profit = 896.10

grand total =9857.10
say Rs. = 9857.00

Rate per % cu m = Rs. 9857.00

2.Earth filling under floors payment per % cu m
(a) Materials at site for %cu m No material is nil
required= nil
(b) Labour required for the filing work
(a)Labour for % cu m
(b)Majdoor18nos.@250.00/day =18*250 =4500
(c)Bhishti 1/2no.@250.00/day= 0.5* 250 =125
(d)Sundries and Tand P3% on labour =
138.75
Total =4763.75
Add 10% contractor’s profit =476.375
Grand Total =5240.125
Rate per % cu m = Rs. 5240
 3. Cement concrete 1:4:8 in foundations
a) Materials at site for 1 cu m
• Cement 3.41 bags @350 bag = 1193.5
• Sand 0.47 cu m @800.00 per cu m =376.00
• Brick ballast 0.94 cu m @ 800.00 = 752.00
Total material cost =2321.5
b) Labour for the foundation
• Labour for 1 cu m Mason 1@ 400.00/ day =4000
• Mazdoors 15@ 250.00/ day =3750
• Bhishti 2@ 250.oo/ day =500
• Sundries and T & P @ 3% on labour =247.5
Total =8497.5
c) Contract profit 10% = 1081.9
Grand total =11900.9= 11900 Rs.
PROBLEM: Conglomerate floor 4 cm thick of cement concrete 1:2:4
over 10 cm thick cement concrete 1:6:18 over 10 cm sand filling.

Sol: Let us do calculation of material for an area of 10 sq m

(1) Wet mortar for cement concrete 1:2:4= 10 sq m*4cm
= 10*4/100
=0.40cu m
Dry mortar = 0.40*1.54=0.616 =0.62 cu m

Ratio = 1:2:4 Sum =1+2+4=7

Cement = (1*0.62*1440)/(7*50)=2.55 bags

Sand = 2*0.62/7 = 0.18 cu m

Crusher = 4*0.62/7=0.36 cu m
(2)Wet mortar for cement concrete 1:6:18
= 10 sq m*10 cm
=10*10/100
=1 cu m
• Dry mortar 1*1.54 =1.54cu m
• Ratio : 1:6:18 = 1+6+18=25
 Cement = 1*1.54*28.8/25 = 1.78 bags
 Sand = 6*1.54/25 = 0.37 cu m
 Ballast = 18*1.54/2 = 1.11 cu m
(3) Sand for 10 sq m
= 10 sq m* 10 cm
=10*10/100
= 1 cu m
• Total dry mortar for 10 sq m conglomerate flooring.
 Cement = 2.55+1.78=4.33 bags
 Sand = 0.18+0.37+1.00=1.55cu m
 Crusher = 0.46 cu m
 Brick Ballast = 1.11 cu m
(a) Materials at site for 10 sq. m
 Cement 4.33 bags @ 350/bag =1515.50
 sand 1.55 cum@ 800.00 per cu m= 1240.00
 Crusher 0.36 cu m @1200 /cu m= 432.00
 Brick ballast 1.11 cu m@ 800 /cu m = 888.00
 Cost of material for 10 sq. m =4075.50
= 4075 Rs.
(b) Labour for 10 sq. m
 Mason 2@ 400.00/ day = 900.00
 Mazdoor 3 @ 250.00/ day = 750.00
 Bhishti 1@ 250.00/ day = 250.00
 Sundries T and P 3% on labour = 57.00
 Cost of labour for 10 sq. m=1957.00
 Cost of material and labour for 10 sq. m
=4075+1957= 6032.00
Add 10% contractor’s profit = 603.20

and total = 6635.20

Rate for 10 sq m =Rs 6635.20

Rate per sq m = Rs.663.52