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    Chap1 Digital System and Number System

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    Irsa Abid
    The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the base, digits, digit weights, and how to perform addition, subtraction, and conversion between number systems. The key points are that different number systems can represent the same quantity using different bases and digits, and that operations like addition follow specific rules depending on the base.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chap1 Digital System and Number System

    Uploaded by

    Irsa Abid
    238 views17 pages
    The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the base, digits, digit weights, and how to perform addition, subtraction, and conversion between number systems. The key points are that different number systems can represent the same quantity using different bases and digits, and that operations like addition follow specific rules depending on the base.

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    The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the base, digits, digit weights, and how to perform addition, subtraction, and conversion between number systems. The key points are that different number systems can represent the same quantity using different bases and digits, and that operations like addition follow specific rules depending on the base.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    238 views17 pages

    Chap1 Digital System and Number System

    Uploaded by

    Irsa Abid
    The document discusses different number systems including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It explains the base, digits, digit weights, and how to perform addition, subtraction, and conversion between number systems. The key points are that different number systems can represent the same quantity using different bases and digits, and that operations like addition follow specific rules depending on the base.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 17

    Decimal Number System

     Base (also called radix) = 10


     10 digits { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
     Digit Position
     Integer & fraction 2 1 0 -1 -2

     Digit Weight 5 1 2 7 4
     Weight = (Base) Position
     Magnitude 100 10 1 0.1 0.01
     Sum of “Digit x Weight”
     Formal Notation
    500 10 2 0.7 0.04

    d2*B2+d1*B1+d0*B0+d-1*B-1+d-2*B-2

    (512.74)10
    Digital Logic Design Ch1-1
    Octal Number System
     Base = 8
     8 digits { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 }
     Weights
     Weight = (Base) Position 64 8 1 1/8 1/64

     Magnitude 5 1 2 7 4
     Sum of “Digit x Weight”
    2 1 0 -1 -2
     Formal Notation 2 1 0 -1 -
    5
    2 *8 +1 *8 +2 *8 +7 *8 +4 *8

    =(330.9375)10
    (512.74)8

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-2


    Binary Number System
     Base = 2
     2 digits { 0, 1 }, called binary digits or “bits”
     Weights
     Weight = (Base) Position 4 2 1 1/2 1/4

     Magnitude 1 0 1 0 1
     Sum of “Bit x Weight” 2 1 0 -1 -2
     Formal Notation 1 *2 2
    +0 *2 1
    +1 *2 0
    +0 *2 -1
    +1 *2 -
    2
     Groups of bits 4 bits = Nibble
    8 bits = Byte =(5.25)10
    (101.01)2
    1011

    11000101
    Digital Logic Design Ch1-3
    Hexadecimal Number System
     Base = 16
     16 digits { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F }
     Weights
     Weight = (Base) Position 256 16 1 1/16 1/256

     Magnitude 1 E 5 7 A
     Sum of “Digit x Weight”
    2 1 0 -1 -2
     Formal Notation
    1 *162+14 *161+5 *160+7 *16-1+10 *16-2
    =(485.4765625)10

    (1E5.7A)16

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-4


    The Power of 2

    n 2n n 2n
    0 20=1 8 28=256
    1 21=2 9 29=512
    2 22=4 10 210=1024 Kilo

    3 23=8 11 211=2048
    4 24=16 12 212=4096
    5 25=32 20 220=1M Mega

    6 26=64 30 230=1G Giga

    7 27=128 40 240=1T Tera

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-5


    Addition

     Decimal Addition

    1 1 Carry
    5 5
    + 5 5

    1 1 0

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-6


    Binary Addition

     Column Addition

    1 1 1 1 1 1
    1 1 1 1 0 1 = 61
    + 1 0 1 1 1 = 23

    1 0 1 0 1 0 0 = 84

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-7


    Binary Subtraction

     Borrow a “Base” when needed

    1 2 = (10)2
    0 2 2 0 0 2
    1 0 0 1 1 0 1 = 77
    − 1 0 1 1 1 = 23

    0 1 1 0 1 1 0 = 54

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-8


    Binary Multiplication

     Bit by bit

    1 0 1 1 1
    x 1 0 1 0
    0 0 0 0 0
    1 0 1 1 1
    0 0 0 0 0
    1 0 1 1 1

    1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-9


    Number Base Conversions
    Evaluate
    Magnitude
    Octal
    (Base 8)

    Evaluate
    Magnitude
    Decimal Binary
    (Base 10) (Base 2)

    Hexadecimal
    (Base 16)
    Evaluate
    Magnitude
    Digital Logic Design Ch1-10
    Decimal (Integer) to Binary Conversion

     Divide the number by the ‘Base’ (=2)


     Take the remainder (either 0 or 1) as a coefficient
     Take the quotient and repeat the division

    Example: (13)10
    Quotient Remainder Coefficient
    13/ 2 = 6 1 a0 = 1
    6 /2= 3 0 a1 = 0
    3 /2= 1 1 a2 = 1
    1 /2= 0 1 a3 = 1
    Answer: (13)10 = (a3 a2 a1 a0)2 = (1101)2

    MSB LSB
    Digital Logic Design Ch1-11
    Decimal (Fraction) to Binary Conversion

     Multiply the number by the ‘Base’ (=2)


     Take the integer (either 0 or 1) as a coefficient
     Take the resultant fraction and repeat the division

    Example: (0.625)10
    Integer Fraction Coefficient
    0.625 * 2 = 1 . 25 a-1 = 1
    0.25 * 2 = 0 . 5 a-2 = 0
    0.5 *2= 1 . 0 a-3 = 1
    Answer: (0.625)10 = (0.a-1 a-2 a-3)2 = (0.101)2

    MSB LSB

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-12


    Decimal to Octal Conversion
    Example: (175)10
    Quotient Remainder Coefficient
    175 / 8 = 21 7 a0 = 7
    21 / 8 = 2 5 a1 = 5
    2 /8= 0 2 a2 = 2
    Answer: (175)10 = (a2 a1 a0)8 = (257)8

    Example: (0.3125)10
    Integer Fraction Coefficient
    0.3125 * 8 = 2 . 5 a-1 = 2
    0.5 *8= 4 . 0 a-2 = 4
    Answer: (0.3125)10 = (0.a-1 a-2 a-3)8 = (0.24)8

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-13


    Binary − Octal Conversion
    Octal Binary
     8 = 23
     Each group of 3 bits represents an octal 0 000
    digit 1 001
    2 010
    Assume Zeros
    Example: 3 011

    ( 1 0 1 1 0 . 0 1 )2 4 100
    5 101
    6 110
    ( 2 6 . 2 )8 7 111

    Works both ways (Binary to Octal & Octal to Binary)


    Digital Logic Design Ch1-14
    Binary − Hexadecimal Conversion
    Hex Binary
     16 = 24 0 0000
    1 0001
     Each group of 4 bits represents a 2 0010
    hexadecimal digit 3 0011
    4 0100
    5 0101
    Assume Zeros 6 0110
    Example: 7 0111
    8 1000
    ( 1 0 1 1 0 . 0 1 )2 9 1001
    A 1010
    B 1011
    C 1100
    D 1101
    (1 6 . 4 )16 E 1110
    F 1111

    Works both ways (Binary to Hex & Hex to Binary)


    Digital Logic Design Ch1-15
    Octal − Hexadecimal Conversion
     Convert to Binary as an intermediate step

    Example:
    ( 2 6 . 2 )8

    Assume Zeros Assume Zeros

    ( 0 1 0 1 1 0 . 0 1 0 )2

    (1 6 . 4 )16

    Works both ways (Octal to Hex & Hex to Octal)


    Digital Logic Design Ch1-16
    Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal
    Decimal Binary Octal Hex
    00 0000 00 0
    01 0001 01 1
    02 0010 02 2
    03 0011 03 3
    04 0100 04 4
    05 0101 05 5
    06 0110 06 6
    07 0111 07 7
    08 1000 10 8
    09 1001 11 9
    10 1010 12 A
    11 1011 13 B
    12 1100 14 C
    13 1101 15 D
    14 1110 16 E
    15 1111 17 F

    Digital Logic Design Ch1-17

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