Presented by:

Sofia Mechel Adra

Ann Nathalie Banderado
Jhon Mhar Domingo
 Marine Animal
- any of numerous animals inhabiting the sea
including fishes , mollusk , marine mammals and etc.

 Marine Creature , sea animal , sea creature

 1. Absorbing Salt Water

 Creatures of marine life are able to take in salt water

into their bodies. An example of this is fish. Fish has
the ability to filtrate the salt water by using their gills.
Salt regulation is a vital characteristic since, after all,
the ocean waters are composed of salt minerals.
 2. Taking In Oxygen From Water

 Another characteristic of marine life is the ability to

absorb oxygen inside the water. By using gills or skin,
marine fish can get their oxygen. As for marine
mammals, they often come up to the surface of the
water. There, they briefly breathe in oxygen while still
being underwater. Mammals such as whales have
blowholes to equip them with this process.
 3. Most Marine Animals are Cold Blooded

 Most of the animals in marine life are cold-blooded or

otherwise known as Ectothermic. Being cold-blooded
means that they can adjust their body temperature to
the surrounding environment. So, most of the time
these cold-blooded creatures have the same temperature
as the ocean water. Cold-blooded creatures need less
energy and less food.
 4. Venoms are Common in Marine Life

 There are many kinds of marine life with venoms.

Creatures with venoms include starfish, sea snails
and sea snake . They don’t use venoms to attack
humans unless they are provoked. Their venoms are
mostly used to stun their preys so they can eat them.
Other than that, they are also used to paralyse predator.
 5. Streamlined Body Shape

 Through observations, we can see that most marine

creatures have streamlined body shape. Marine
mammals such as dolphins and sharks have this
characteristic. The streamlined shape helps them to
swim swiftly and efficiently. It reduces water resistant
to their bodies. The animals can move quickly and flow
more freely inside the ocean water.
 6. Strong External Skeletons or Shells

 The condition of the ocean can be harsh sometimes.

But, marine life has strong external skeletons or shells
that can provide protection. For example, seastars or
starfish have external skeletons that are hard. The
skeletons reduce their vulnerability to the extreme
environment. Sea Snails have shells that can protect
them from predators or that can be used as shelter.
 Types of Marine
Animals
 Invertebrates
 Vertebrates
 The earliest animals were marine invertebrates , that
is, vertebrates came later. Animals
are multicellular eukaryotes, and are distinguished from
plants, algae, and fungi by lacking cell walls.
 Marine invertebrates are animals that inhabit
a marine environment apart from the vertebrate
members of the chordate phylum; invertebrates lack
a vertebral column. Some have evolved a shell or a
hard exoskeleton.
 Marine Sponge

are animals of the phylum porifera (Modern Latin

for bearing pores). They are multicellular organisms that have
bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate
through them, consisting of jelly like mesohyl sandwiched
between two thin layers of cells. They have unspecialized
cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate
between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process.
Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory
systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water
flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to
remove wastes
 Sponges are similar to other animals in that they
are multicellular, heterotrophic, lack cell walls and
produce sperm cells. Unlike other animals, they lack
true tissues and organs, and have no body symmetry.
The shapes of their bodies are adapted for maximal
efficiency of water flow through the central cavity,
where it deposits nutrients, and leaves through a hole
called the osculum. Many sponges have internal
skeletons of spongin and/or spicules of calcium
carbonate or silicon dioxide. All sponges
are sessile aquatic animals. Although there are
freshwater species, the great majority are marine (salt
water) species, ranging from tidal zones to depths
exceeding 8,800 m (5.5 mi).
 Cnidarians (Greek for nettle) are distinguished by the presence
of stinging cells, specialized cells that they use mainly for
capturing prey. Cnidarians include corals, sea
anemones, jellyfish and hydrozoans. They form
a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found
exclusively in aquatic (mainly marine) environments. Their
bodies consist of mesoglea, a non-living jelly-like substance,
sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly
one cell thick. They have two basic body forms:
swimming medusae and sessile polyps, both of which
are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles
that bear cnidocytes. Both forms have a single orifice and body
cavity that are used for digestion and respiration.
 Cnidarians are the simplest animals in which the cells
are organised into tissues. The starlet sea anemone is
used as a model organism in research. It is easy to
care for in the laboratory and a protocol has been
developed which can yield large numbers of embryos
on a daily basis. There is a remarkable degree of
similarity in the gene sequence conservation and
complexity between the sea anemone and
vertebrates. In particular, genes concerned in the
formation of the head in vertebrates are also present
in the anemone.
 Worms (Old English for serpent) form a number of
phylums. Their body plan typically involves long
cylindrical tube-like bodies and no limbs. Marine
worms vary in size from microscopic to over 1 metre
(3.3 ft) in length for some marine polychaete worms
(bristle worms) and up to 58 metres (190 ft) for the
marine nemertean worm (bootlace worm). Some
marine worms occupy a small variety
of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other
animals, while others live more freely in the marine
environment or by burrowing underground.
 Different groups of marine worms are related only
distantly, so they are found in several
different phyla such as the Annelida(segmented
worms), Chaetognatha (arrow
worms), Hemichordata, and Phoronida (horseshoe
worms). Many of these worms have specialized
tentacles used for exchanging oxygen and carbon
dioxide and also may be used for reproduction. Some
marine worms are tube worms, such as the giant tube
worm which lives in waters near
underwater volcanoes and can withstand
temperatures up to 90 degrees Celsius.
 Platyhelminthes (flatworms) form another
worm phylum which includes a
class Cestoda of parasitic tapeworms. The
marine tapeworm Polygonoporus giganticus,
found in the gut of sperm whales, can grow to
over 30 m (100 ft).
 Nematodes (roundworms) constitute a further
worm phylum with tubular digestive
systems and an opening at both ends. Over
25,000 nematode species have been
described,of which more than half are
parasitic. It has been estimated another million
remain undescribed. They are ubiquitous in
marine, freshwater and terrestrial
environments, where they often outnumber
other animals in both individual and species
counts.
 They are found in every part of the
earth's lithosphere, from the top of mountains
to the bottom of oceanic trenches. By count
they represent 90% of all animals on the ocean
floor. Their numerical dominance, often
exceeding a million individuals per square
meter and accounting for about 80% of all
individual animals on earth, their diversity of
life cycles, and their presence at various
trophic levels point at an important role in
many ecosystems
 Echinoderms (Greek for spiny skin) is a phylum
which contains only marine invertebrates. The adults
are recognizable by their radial symmetry(usually
five-point) and include starfish, sea urchins, sand
dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea
lilies. Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth,
from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone. The
phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it
the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a
superphylum), after the chordates (which include
the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals,
and reptiles).
 Echinoderms are unique among animals in
having bilateral symmetry at the larval stage,
but fivefold symmetry (pentamerism, a special
type of radial symmetry) as adults.
 The echinoderms are important both biologically and
geologically. Biologically, there are few other groupings
so abundant in the biotic desert of the deep sea, as well as
shallower oceans. Most echinoderms are able
to regenerate tissue, organs, limbs, and reproduce
asexually; in some cases, they can undergo complete
regeneration from a single limb. Geologically, the value
of echinoderms is in their ossified skeletons, which are
major contributors to many limestone formations, and can
provide valuable clues as to the geological environment.
They were the most used species in regenerative research
in the 19th and 20th centuries. Further, it is held by some
scientists that the radiation of echinoderms was
responsible for the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.
 Mollusc (Latin for soft) form a phylum with about
85,000 extant recognized species. They are the
largest marine phylum in terms of species count,
comprising about 23% of all the named
marine organisms. Molluscs have more varied forms
than other invertebrate phylums. They are highly diverse,
not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in
behaviour and in habitat. The majority of species still live
in the oceans, from the seashores to the abyssal zone, but
some form a significant part of the freshwater fauna and
the terrestrial ecosystems.
 Arthropods (Greek for jointed feet) have
an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and
jointed appendages (paired appendages). They form
a phylum which includes insects, arachnids, myriapods,
and crustaceans. Arthropods are characterized by their
jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised
with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists
of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid
cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically
by moulting. Their versatility has enabled them to become
the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in
most environments.
 areanimals which live in
a marine environment. These primarily
include fish, seabirds, marine reptiles,
and marine mammals. These animals
have an internal skeleton and make up
about 4% of the sea's animal population.
 FISH
 AMPHIBIANS
 REPTILES
 BIRDS
 MAMMALS
 Fish anatomy includes a two-chambered
heart, operculum, swim bladder, scales, eyes adapted
to seeing underwater, and secretory cells that
produce mucous. Fish breathe by extracting oxygen
from water through gills. Fins propel and stabilize the
fish in the water. Fish fall into two main groups: fish
with bony skeletons and fish with cartilaginous
skeletons. Over 33,000 species of fish have been
described as of 2015, and about 20,000 are marine.
 Hagfish form a class of about 20 species of eel-
shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are
the only known living animals that have
a skull but no vertebral column. Lampreys form a
superclass containing 38 known extant species
of jawless fish. The adult lamprey is
characterized by a toothed, funnel-like sucking
mouth. Although they are well known for boring
into the flesh of other fish to suck their
blood,only 18 species of lampreys are actually
parasitic.
 Bony fish have jaws and skeletons made
of bone rather than cartilage. Bony fish also
have a hard, bony plate covering their gills
called an operculum, and can have distinct
rays, or spines, in their fins
About 90% of the world's fish species are bony
fish.
 Cartilaginous fish, such as sharks and rays,
have jaws and skeletons made of cartilage rather
than bone. Megalodon is an extinct species of
shark that lived about 28 to 1.5 Ma. It looked
much like a stocky version of the great white
shark, but was much larger with fossil lengths
reaching 20.3 metres (67 ft).Found in all oceans
it was one of the largest and most powerful
predators in vertebrate history,and probably had
a profound impact on marine life. The Greenland
shark has the longest known lifespan of all
vertebrates, about 400 years
 Amphibians mostly require fresh water to
reproduce. A few inhabit brackish water, but
there are no true marine amphibians. There
have been reports, however, of amphibians
invading marine waters, such as a Black Sea
invasion by the natural hybrid Pelophylaxe
sculentus reported in 2010.
 Reptiles (Late Latin for creeping or crawling) form
a class Reptilia of tetrapods, vertebrates that
have either four limbs or have four-limbed
ancestors. Some reptiles are more closely related
to birds than other reptiles, and many scientists
prefer to make Reptilia a monophyletic group
which includes the birds.[Extant non-avian
reptiles which inhabit or frequent the sea
include sea turtles, sea snakes, terrapins,
the marine iguana, and the saltwater crocodile.
Currently, of the approximately 12,000
extant reptile species and sub-species, only
about 100 of are classed as marine reptiles.
 Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an
aquatic larval stage. Most reptiles are
oviparous, although several species of
squamates are viviparous, as were some
extinct aquatic clades— the fetus develops
within the mother, contained in
a placenta rather than an eggshell.
As amniotes, reptile eggs are surrounded by
membranes for protection and transport,
which adapt them to reproduction on dry
land. Many of the viviparous species feed
their fetuses through various forms of
placenta analogous to those of mammals,
with some providing initial care for their
hatchlings.
 Marine birds are adapted to life within
the marine environment. They are often
called seabirds. While marine birds vary
greatly in lifestyle, behaviour and physiology,
they often exhibit striking convergent
evolution, as the same environmental
problems and feeding niches have resulted in
similar adaptations. Examples
include albatross, penguins, gannets,
and auks
 There are about 130 living and recently extinct marine
mammal species such
as seals, dolphins, whales, manatees, sea
otters and polar bears.They do not represent a distinct
taxon or systematic grouping, but are instead unified by
their reliance on the marine environment for feeding.
Both cetaceans and sirenians are fully aquatic and
therefore are obligate water dwellers. Seals and sea-
lions are semiaquatic; they spend the majority of their
time in the water, but need to return to land for
important activities such
as mating, breeding and molting. In contrast, both
otters and the polar bear are much less adapted to
aquatic living. Their diet varies considerably as well;
some may eat zooplankton, others may eat fish, squid,
shellfish, sea-grass and a few may eat other mammals.
1. It is believed that life in the ocean began
approximately 3.1 to 3.4 billion years ago. It is
believed that life on land began approximately
400 million years ago. This means that life in
the ocean existed approximately 3 billion years
before life on land.

2. Jellyfish have existed longer than dinosaurs and

sharks; they have existed for more than 650
million years. A group of jellyfish are referred
to as a smack.
 3. When dolphins sleep only 50% of their
brain actually sleeps and only one eye closes,
so they can watch for predators.

 4. Dolphins are able to hear sounds from up

to 24 kilometers away under water.

 5.Do fish sleep? Yes, but not quite the same

way we do, they have periods of rest.
QUIZ
 1. Any of numerous animals inhabiting the sea
including fishes , mollusk , marine mammals and etc.

 a. Marine Animals
 b. Invertebrates
 c. Vertebrates
 d. NONE of the above
 2. The earliest animals were____________. These
animals are multicellular eukaryotes, lack a vertebral
column. Some have evolved a shell or a
hard exoskeleton.

 A. Vertebrates
 B. Invertebrates
 C. Cnidarians
 D.ALL of the above
 3. _______ form a class of about 20 species of eel-
shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are the
only known living animals that have a skull but
no vertebral column. Lampreys form a superclass
containing 38 known extant species of _______.

 A. Bony Fish
 B. Hagfish or Jawless fish
 C. Cartilaginous
4. This are examples of Marine Birds EXCEPT
one.

A. Albatross
B. Penguins
C. Gannets
D. Porpita porpita
 5.____________ mostly require fresh water to reproduce. A
few inhabit brackish water, There have been reports, however,
of _________invading marine waters, such as a Black Sea
invasion by the natural hybrid Pelophylax esculentus reported
in 2010.

 A. Amphibians
 B. Reptiles
 C. Mammals
 6. Marine______ are distinguished by the
presence of stinging cell specialized cells that
they use mainly for capturing prey.

 A. Marine sponge
 B. Marine cnidarians
 C. Marine worms
7. A form of phylum with about
85 000 extant recognized species

 A. Mollusk
 B. Arthropods
 C. Enchinoderms
 8______ have an exoskeleton a segmented
body and jointed appendages

 A. Enchinoderms
 B. Sponge
 C. Arthropods
 9.______ have jaws and skeleton a bone rather
than cartilage

 A. bony fish
 B. jawless fish
 C. cartilaginous
 10. These are the examples of mammals
EXCEPT:

 A. seals
 B. dolphins
 C. jellyfish