FPGA

Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Morsy

DR / Hazem Hassan
ENG / Sherry Heshmat
Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
2/29
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References
Introduction

Electronic industry has simulations and prototyping as their important segments since a
long period.
Electronic companies design the hardware dedicated to their products with their
standards and protocols which makes it challenging for the end users to reconfigure the
hardware as per their needs.
This requirement for hardware led to the growth of a new segment of customer-
configurable field programmable integrated circuits called FPGAs.
In this article, we discuss FPGA Architecture and Applications.

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Introduction
Semiconductor Chips
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ASICs Microprocessors
Application Specific Microcontrollers FPGA
Integrated Circuits
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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
5/29
5/28
References
FPGA

• It is short for Field Programmable Gate Array.

• is an integrated circuit that can be configured by the user to
emulate any digital circuit or function.
• It can be programmed or reprogrammed to the required
functionality after manufacturing.

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FPGA
Intel cyclone 10LP Kit
FPGA

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
8/29
8/28
References
FPGA structure

• Configurable logic blocks (CLB)

Implement combinatorial and sequential logic. Based on
LUT and DFF.
CLB SB CLB • Programmable I/O blocks
Configurable I/Os for external connections supports
various voltages and tri-states.
• Programmable interconnect
Wires to connect inputs , outputs and logic blocks.
SB SB SB
 clocks
 short distance local connections
 long distance connections across chip

Configurable Logic Blocks

CLB SB CLB

Interconnection Network
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I/O Signals (Pins)
FPGA structure
CLB Structure

CLB SB CLB

SB SB SB

Look-Up MUX
Table D
SET
Q
(LUT)
Configurable Logic Blocks
CLB SB CLB CLR Q

Interconnection Network

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I/O Signals (Pins)
FPGA structure
Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs)
• CLBs consist of:
Look-Up MUX
Table D
SET
Q
(LUT)
• Look-up Tables (LUT) CLR Q
• which implement the entries of a logic functions truth table

• Memory Elements
• Configurable Flip Flops (FFs)/
Latches( Programmable clock edges, set/reset, and
clock enable)
• These memory elements usually can be configured
as shift-registers
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• Multiplexers (select 1 of N inputs)

FPGA structure
Look-up Tables (2:1 MUX Example)
• Configuration memory holds output of truth table entries
• Internal signals connect to control signals of MUXs to select a values of
the truth tables for any given input signals

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FPGA structure
FPGA Programmable Interconnection Network
• programmable interconnect points (PIPs).
• These PIPs are implemented using a transmission gate
controlled by a memory bits from the configuration
memory.

CLB SB CLB

SB SB SB

Configurable Logic Blocks

CLB SB CLB

Interconnection Network 13/29

I/O Signals (Pins)

FPGA structure
Configuration Memory

• Interconnection among wire segments

• Configuration of logic blocks
• Field programmability is achieved through switches (Transistors)

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
15/29
15/28
References
Technology of Programmable Elements

• Vary from vendor to vendor.

• Can be classified into three categories:
• SRAM based
• Fuse based
• EPROM/EEPROM/Flash based
• Desired properties:
• Minimum area consumption
• Low on resistance; High off resistance
• Low parasitic capacitance to the attached wire
• Reliability in volume production

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
17/29
17/28
References
FPGA Vendors

Though there are various FPGA vendors in the world market only
two or three manufacturers are well known in the industry. For
example :
1. Xilinx : Founded by Ross Freeman, original
inventor of FPGAs in 1984.
Sparten II,IIE,Sparten III,Virtex …
2. Altera: now part of intell company since 2015
Altera cyclone II FPGA and
3. Actel :

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
19/29
19/28
References
FPGA DESIGN Language

There are two important design tools available in the market

Verilog
Verilog HDL originated in 1983 at Gateway design automation.
Today, Verilog HDL is an accepted IEEE standard.
VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit hardware descriptive language)
VHDL is a language for describing digital electronic systems.
It arose out of the United states government’s very high speed integrated circuits (VHSIC)
program initiated in 1980.

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
21/29
21/28
References
Advatages

Better Performance
Cost Efficiency
Parallel Task Performance
Prototyping
Faster Time to Market
Simpler Design Cycles
Adaptability
Real Time Application
System on Chip

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
23/29
23/28
References
Disavantages

The power consumption .

volatile(Boot Time).
Size (number of pins connections inside) .
timing as many operation are in parallel.
complex tools.
HDL are not easy as programming languages.
hard to choose type of FPGA.
expensive.

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Disavantages
Timing at Pipelining
Pipelining is a process which enables parallel execution of program instructions.
During the design process, one important criterion to be taken into account is the timing issue
inherent in the system.
to overcome timing issue we add registers ,so the input pass throught it each clock pulse till
other parallel operations are done and use thier output.
example: y1 = ((a1 × b1 × c1) + d1)

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
26/29
26/28
References
Applications

Neural network in machine learning.

Aerospace.
digital signal processing.
filtering ,communication.
ASIC prototyping
computer hardware emulation.
cryptography.
bioinformatics.

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Introduction
FPGA

FPGA Structure
• CLP Structure
• Look up Table

• Interconnection Network

• Configuration Memory

Technology of programming Element

FPGA Vendors

FPGA Design Language

Advantages

Disadvantages

Appliccations
28/29
28/28
References
References:

FPGAs For Dummies, 2nd Intel Special Edition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Design Warrior’s Guide to FPGAs by Clive “Max” Maxfield
https://www.watelectronics.com/fpga-architecture-applications/
https://www.prowesscorp.com/what-is-fpga/
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-most-common-uses-for-FPGA-today
https://www.quora.com/What-is-FPGA-How-does-that-work
https://www.elprocus.com/fpga-architecture-and-applications/
http://hardwarebee.com/fpga-advantages-common-applications-today/
https://numato.com/blog/fpga-faq/
https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/10/29/fpga-what-is-it-and-what-are-they-used-for/
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/169532/what-is-an-lut-in-fpga

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Any Questions ?

Thank You
Questions:

1. the language used to program FPGA______________________

a. VHDL b.Verilog c. c++ d. a&b

2. All the connection data are stored in________________________

a. CLB b.Interconnection network c.I/O Blocks d.Configuration Memory