Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
92 views

Random Variables and Probability Distributions

1) The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each element in a sample space, where the values are determined by chance. 2) An example is provided of three cell phones being tested at random and defining the random variable X as the number of defective cell phones. 3) Another example defines the random variable Y as the number of tails when three coins are tossed, and asks the reader to complete a table listing the possible outcomes and values of Y.

Uploaded by

Kathleen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
92 views

Random Variables and Probability Distributions

1) The document discusses random variables and probability distributions. It defines a random variable as a function that associates a real number to each element in a sample space, where the values are determined by chance. 2) An example is provided of three cell phones being tested at random and defining the random variable X as the number of defective cell phones. 3) Another example defines the random variable Y as the number of tails when three coins are tossed, and asks the reader to complete a table listing the possible outcomes and values of Y.

Uploaded by

Kathleen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Chapter 1

Random
Variables and
Probability
Distributions
Recall:
What is the conc
ept of probability
?
Probability of an event
 Is a numerical value that describes the likeli
hood that an event will happen or not
 In symbols,
P(E) = n(E)
n(S)
Event(E) - Refers to a subset of a
sample space
Sample Space(S) - outcome space
Probability of an event
E⊆S, then by definition of a subset n(E)
≤n(S)
1. The probability of an event is always a
value between and including 0 and 1.
2. The Complement Rule of Probability
P(E) + P(E’) = 1
Therefore P(E’) =1 - P(E)
Recall:
How do we use this in ma
king decisions concerning
a population using a samp
le?
Lesson One

Exploring Rando
m Variables
Lesson Objectives
At the end of the lesson
, you are expected to:
illustrate a random vari

able
Starting point:

 Experiment - is any activity, wh


ich can be done repeatedly unde
r similar conditions
 Sample space - the set of all po

ssible outcomes of an experime


nt
Entry Card
List the sample space of the following
experiments
Experiment Sample
Space
1. Tossing three coins
2. Rolling a die and tossing a coin
simultaneously
3. Getting a deffective item when
two items are randomly selected
from a box of two defective and
three non defective items
Ifthree coins are tossed,
what numbers can be assi
gned for the frequency of
heads that will occur?
If three cards are drawn fr
om a deck, what number c
an be assigned for the freq
uency of the face cards th
at will occur?
Variable
 isa characteristic or attribute
that can assume different val
ues
 capital letters are used to den

ote or represent a variable


Random Variables
variables that are assoc
iated with probabilities
Example 1

 Suppose three cell phones are


tested at random. find out the
number of defective cell pho
nes that occur.
Illustration.
 Let D - defective cell phone
N - non-defective cell phone
Possible Outcomes Value of the random variable
X(# of defective cell phone)
Possible Outcomes Value of the random
variable X
(# of defective cell phone)
NNN 0
DNN 1
NDN 1
NND 1
DDN 2
DND 2
NDD 2
DDD 3

Possible values of the random variable X


are 0, 1, 2,and 3
Whatis a rando
m variable?
Random Variable
 is a function that associates a
real number to each element i
n the sample space.
 is a variable whose values ar

e determined by chance
Example 2
 Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the
random variable representing the number of
tails that occur. Find the values of the rando
m variable Y. Complete the table below.
Illustration.

Possible Outcomes Value of the random


variable Y
(number of tails)
Seatwork # 1:

 Two balls are drawn in succession


without replacement from an urn c
ontaining 5 red balls and 6 blue bal
ls. Let Z be the random variable re
presenting the number of blue balls
. Find the values of the random vari
able Z.
How do you find
a random variabl
e?
Thank you!

You might also like