SUPERSTRUCTURE SP

SMT. GEETA D. TATKARE.
POLYTECHNIC
Group Member
1) Pratik M. Patil. 12142
2) Shubham S. Pawar. 12145
3) Umesh D. Pawar. 12148
4) Abhijeet A. Randive. 12150
Guidence : Reshma kambale.

Topic : SUPERSTRUCTURE
INTRODUCTION
Superstructure denotes part of the structure lying
above the ground surface . In context of
buildings various parts like walls, roof, doors,
and windows flooring constitute the
superstructure .
The superstructure is designed to cater for
various loads acting on the structure, which are
then transmitted to the underlying soil via the
substructure.
Component Of
Superstructure
1 .PLINTH
2 . FLOOR
3 . WALL
4 . COLUMN
5 . BEAM
6 . ROOF
7 . DOOR
8. WINDOW
9 . LINTEL
10. SILL
11. STAIRCASE
12. PARAPET
13. WEATHER SHED
Plinth
The part of the structure lying above ground
and below the ground floor level is called
as plinth. The height of plinth should be
in between 0.6 m to 0.8 m.
Function Of Plinth
It provides protection from rainwater and
crawling animals and insects. It also
provides space for courses which finally
supports the flooring tiles.
Floor
It is horizontal surface provide in every room for
occupants to use. The floor for ground storey is
generally top of plinth whereas slab of one floor
acts as floor for the upper storey. The floors are
then covered by different types of flooring
material like shahbad tiles, mosaic tiles, granite,
marble, kota, etc.
Function Of Floor
In general the floor should offer good resistance to wear
and tear occurring due to its daily use. It should be easy
to wash and clean, fire resistant, easy to repair.
Following are the various types of floors generally
used in India for ground floor :
1) Murum or Mud floor
2) Brick floor
3) Tiled floor
4) Flagstone floor
5) Cement concrete floor
6) Timber floor
Following types of upper floors are common in

India
7) R.C.C slab floor
8) Timber Floor
9) Floors of steels joist, Flagstones and concrete
Wall
It is the vertical structural members which
may support to the roof or act as partition wall
or compound wall. Walls occurs in various
forms of masonry work such as brick masonry,
stone masonry, composite masonry, hollow
cement concrete block masonry.
Function Of Wall
Walls from the outer limits of the building and
separate the rooms from each other. It gives
the support to the roofs in load bearing
structure. It acts only as partition walls in
framed structure. Partition walls do not take
any load of structure.
Column
It is vertical member or component of framed
structure . It is made up in reinforced cement
concrete.
Function Of Column
It gives the support to the floors at various levels
in framed structure or R.C.C structure i.e
Reinforced Cement Concrete structure. It takes
compressive load of structure.
Beam
It is the horizontal component of a building
structure. It is made of steel, reinforced cement
concrete i.e R.C.C, timber, etc.
Function Of Beam
It supports the transverse load of building
structure. It takes tensile load of a structure.
Roofs
A roof is a covering erected over the top of a
building with a view to protect from the
elements like rain , sun , wind , snowfall , etc.
Therefore the roofs is designed and constructed
to meet the requirements of different climates
and the materials available.
Doors
These are the openings which allow entrance in the
building and circulation through different rooms.
Function Of Doors
Doors are used for free movement of occupants in
and out of the house. They should be minimum for
each room as more doors cause obstruction. The
outer doors are means of isolating the house from
the surroundings from privacy and security point
of view . The door should be located near the end
of the room particularly in residential buildings.
Windows
These are openings generally constructed in the external
wall which provides air and light inside the rooms.
Function Of Windows
Windows are provided for admission of light and free
circulation of air into in the building . Maximum
number of windows should be provide in the
external wall. As a rule , the minimum area of a
window shall be one- tenth of the floor area of the
room. For schools , factories and hospitals , the area
of the windows as should be at least one-fifth of the
floor area.
Lintel
It is a small horizontal component acts like a
beam and always provided over openings
such as doors ‘ window or any other. It is
made of R.C.C. timber or stone slabs pre-cast
concrete. It is now-a-days commonly made in
R.C.C in framed structure .
Function Of Lintel
It supports the portion of wall over the opening.
Sill
The bottom structure of window or door opening
is called as sill . Sills in modern building are
constructed in stone slabs like Kota , Kaddappa
, Marble , Granite , or Ceramic tiles. Portion of
sill sometimes is kept well plastered .
Function of sill
It provides a suitable finish to the window
opening.it also affords a protection to the wall
below the window.
Staircase
It is an inclined passage along with the steps and
connected to the floors at various levels . It is
made of R.C.C. (Reinforced cement concrete),
steel or timber . Now-a-days, it is commonly
made in R.C.C.(reinforced cement concrete ) in
framed sturcture .
Function of staircase
It provides an easy access from one floor to other.
Parapet
It Is the portion of low height wall constructed along the
edge of the roof or it is the low height wall constructed
at the edge of terrace . It is constructed in brick
masonry and well plastered .
Functions Or Parapet
Parapet acts as a protective solid balustrade for the
users. It case of pitched roofs ,parapet is constructed to
conceal the gutter at the eaves level . It is safe guard
wall for playing the small children on terrace.
Weather Shed
(Chajja)
Weather shed like chajja are provided over the
opening like window so as to protect the inner
part of the room from weathering effects such as
wind, direct sunlight,rain,frost ,etc.
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SMT. GEETA D. TATKARE.

Guidence : Reshma kambale.

Following types of upper floors are common in

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