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    Chapter 3 (Ii) : BJT (DC Analysis)

    Uploaded by

    KuAdenan KuSyakran
    1) Biasing refers to applying DC voltages to turn a transistor on so it can amplify an AC signal. This establishes an operating point called the Q-point. 2) Common biasing circuits include fixed bias, emitter stabilization, voltage divider, and feedback. Emitter stabilization and feedback improve stability against variations in temperature and transistor properties. 3) The Q-point is where the load line, set by the collector resistor, intersects with the bias current. Circuit elements like the bias and emitter resistors determine the operating voltages and currents at this point.

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    Chapter 3 (Ii) : BJT (DC Analysis)

    Uploaded by

    KuAdenan KuSyakran
    48 views21 pages
    1) Biasing refers to applying DC voltages to turn a transistor on so it can amplify an AC signal. This establishes an operating point called the Q-point. 2) Common biasing circuits include fixed bias, emitter stabilization, voltage divider, and feedback. Emitter stabilization and feedback improve stability against variations in temperature and transistor properties. 3) The Q-point is where the load line, set by the collector resistor, intersects with the bias current. Circuit elements like the bias and emitter resistors determine the operating voltages and currents at this point.

    Original Title

    3b BJT DC Analysis

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    1) Biasing refers to applying DC voltages to turn a transistor on so it can amplify an AC signal. This establishes an operating point called the Q-point. 2) Common biasing circuits include fixed bias, emitter stabilization, voltage divider, and feedback. Emitter stabilization and feedback improve stability against variations in temperature and transistor properties. 3) The Q-point is where the load line, set by the collector resistor, intersects with the bias current. Circuit elements like the bias and emitter resistors determine the operating voltages and currents at this point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    48 views21 pages

    Chapter 3 (Ii) : BJT (DC Analysis)

    Uploaded by

    KuAdenan KuSyakran
    1) Biasing refers to applying DC voltages to turn a transistor on so it can amplify an AC signal. This establishes an operating point called the Q-point. 2) Common biasing circuits include fixed bias, emitter stabilization, voltage divider, and feedback. Emitter stabilization and feedback improve stability against variations in temperature and transistor properties. 3) The Q-point is where the load line, set by the collector resistor, intersects with the bias current. Circuit elements like the bias and emitter resistors determine the operating voltages and currents at this point.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    Chapter 3(ii)

    BJT (DC analysis)


    definitions
     Biasing refers to the DC voltages applied to a transistor in order
    to turn it on so that it can amplify the AC signal.

     The DC input establishes an operating or quiescent point called the


    Q-point.
    Q-point

    • Active or Linear Region Operation


    Base–Emitter junction is forward biased
    Base–Collector junction is reverse biased

    • Cutoff Region Operation


    Base–Emitter junction is reverse biased

    • Saturation Region Operation


    Base–Emitter junction is forward biased
    Base–Collector junction is forward biased
    DC biasing circuits
    • Fixed-bias circuit
    • Emitter-stabilized bias circuit
    • Voltage divider bias circuit
    • DC bias with voltage feedback
    Fixed-bias circuit
    DC analysis
    Base-Emitter Loop Collector-Emitter Loop

    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law: The collector current is given by:

    +VCC – IBRB – VBE = 0


    I C  I B

    Solving for the base current:


    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:
    VCC  VBE
    IB  VCE  VCC  I C R C
    RB
    Load Line for Fixed-bias circuit

    The end points of the load line


    are:
    VCC
    IC 
    ICsat RC
    VCE  0V

    VCE  VCC
    VCEcutoff
    I C  0 mA
    The Q-point is the particular operating point:
    • where the value of RB sets the value of IB
    • where IB and the load line intersect
    • that sets the values of VCE and IC
    Circuit Values Affect the Q-Point

    Increasing level of IB
    Increasing level of RC

    Decreasing
    value of VCC
    Emitter-Stabilized Bias Circuit
    Adding a resistor (RE) to the emitter circuit stabilizes the
    bias circuit.
    DC analysis
    Base-Emitter Loop Collector-Emitter Loop

    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law :


    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law :
     VCC - I E R E - VBE - I E R E  0
     I E R E  VCE  I C R C  VCC  0

    Since IE = (b + 1)IB: Since IE  IC:

    VCC - I B R B - (  1)I B R E  0 VCE  VCC – I C (R C  R E )

    Solving for IB: Also: VE  I E R E


    VC  VCE  VE  VCC - I C R C
    VCC - VBE
    IB  VB  VCC – I R R B  VBE  VE
    R B  (  1)R E
    Improved Biased Stability

    Adding RE to the emitter improves the stability of a


    transistor.

    Stability refers to a bias circuit in which the


    currents and voltages will remain fairly
    constant for a wide range of temperatures and
    transistor Beta () values.
    Load Line for Emitter-bias circuit

    The end points of the load line


    are:
    VCC
    IC 
    ICsat RC  RE
    VCE  0V

    VCE  VCC
    VCEcutoff
    I C  0 mA
    Voltage Divider Bias

     This is a very stable


    bias circuit.

     The currents and


    voltages are almost
    independent of
    variations in .

     There are two ways


    of analyzing the
    voltage divider bias
    circuit :-
    1. Exact analysis
    2. Approximate
    analysis
    Exact Analysis

    R2VCC
    RTh  R1 R2 ETh  VR2 
    R1  R2

    ETh  VBE
    IB 
    RTh     1 RE

    VCE  VCC  I C  RC  RE 
    Approximate analysis
    Where IB << I1 and I2 and I1  I2 :

    R 2 VCC
    VB 
    R1  R 2

    Where RE > 10R2:

    VE
    IE 
    RE
    VE  VB  VBE

    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

    VCE  VCC - I C R C - I E R E
    IE  IC
    VCE  V CC -I C (R C  R E )
    Determine the dc voltage VCE and the current IC for the voltage divider
    configuration
    DC Bias with Voltage Feedback

    Another way to
    improve the
    stability of a bias
    circuit is to add a
    feedback path from
    collector to base.

    In this bias circuit


    the Q-point is only
    slightly dependent
    on the transistor
    beta, .
    Base-Emitter loop

    From Kirchhoff’s voltage law:

    VCC – I C R C – I B R B – VBE – I E R E  0

    Where IB << IC:

    I C  I C  I B  I C

    Knowing IC = IB and IE  IC, the


    loop equation becomes:

    VCC –  I B R C  I B R B  VBE   I B R E  0

    Solving for IB:

    VCC  VBE
    IB 
    R B  (R C  R E )
    Collector-emitter loop

    Applying Kirchoff’s voltage law:


    IERE + VCE + ICRC – VCC = 0

    Since IC  IC and IC = IB:


    IC(RC + RE) + VCE – VCC =0

    Solving for VCE:


    VCE = VCC – IC(RC + RE)

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