Static - Non Linear Analysis

(SOL 106)

Prepared by : Samartha H N
Reviewed by :
Date :08/08/2018
Nonlinear analysis

 A nonlinear analysis is an analysis where a nonlinear relation holds between applied forces and displacements.
Nonlinear effects can originate from geometrical nonlinearity’s (i.e. large deformations), material nonlinearity’s (i.e.
elasto-plastic material), and contact. These effects result in a stiffness matrix which is not constant during the load
application. This is opposed to the linear static analysis, where the stiffness matrix remained constant. As a result, a
different solving strategy is required for the nonlinear analysis and therefore a different solver.

 Modern analysis software makes it possible to obtain solutions to nonlinear problems. However, experienced skill is
required to determine their validity and these analyses can easily be inappropriate. Care should be taken to specify
appropriate model and solution parameters. Understanding the problem, the role played by these parameters and a
planned and logical approach will do much to ensure a successful solution.

 The source of this nonlinearity can be attributed to multiple system properties, for example, materials, geometry,
nonlinear loading and constraints.
Types of Non Linear Analysis

 Material Nonlinearity
Material nonlinearity involves the nonlinear behavior of a material based on a current deformation,
deformation history, rate of deformation, temperature, pressure, and so on. Examples of nonlinear material
models are large strain (visco) elasto-plasticity and hyper elasticity (rubber and plastic materials).

 Geometric Nonlinearity
In analyses involving geometric nonlinearity, changes in geometry as the structure deforms are
considered in formulating the constitutive and equilibrium equations. Many engineering applications such as
metal forming, tire analysis, and medical device analysis require the use of large deformation analysis based
on geometric nonlinearity. Small deformation analysis based on geometric nonlinearity is required for some
applications, like analysis involving cables, arches and shells.

 Constraint and Contact Nonlinearity

Constraint nonlinearity in a system can occur if kinematic constraints are present in the model. The kinematic
degrees-of-freedom of a model can be constrained by imposing restrictions on its movement.
Material Nonlinearity
 Elasto-plastic
 Nonlinear elastic
 Hyperelastic
 Visco-elastic
 Temperature dependent

As we are going through basics we can take simple geometry and perform ELASTO-PLASTIC ANALYSIS

Software Used:
 Hypermesh (Pre-Processor)
 Nastran (Solver)
 Hyperview (Post-Processor)

Solver Cards:
 Material Card
 MAT1 with MATS1

 Solution Cards
 Other Important Cards
 SOL 101
 SOL 106  PARAM-AUTOSPC,GRDPNT,LGDISP,POST  SPC
 TABLES1  NLPARAM
 LOAD
Steps in performing the Elasto-plastic analysis:
1. Geometry cleanup and Discretization (Meshing).

2. Assigning material and other related property.

3. Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions.

4. Performing Linear-Static Analysis (Using SOL 101).

5. Use Neuber Plasticity Correction to co-relate linear static results with actual behavior.

6. If strain in the component (After applying Neuber Plasticity Correction) is crossing the elastic
strain value of material then calculate plastic strain using material data.

7. Take the same model and use MATS1 in MAT1 Card and enter the stress and Plastic strain data
with hardening effects (Use Kinematic Strain Hardening) in TABLES1 card.

8. Perform Non-Linear Static Analysis (Using SOL 106) to obtain the strain data and compare it
with the elastic strain.
Concepts to be studied before performing the example study:
 Discretizing the model and applying the boundary condition using Hypermesh
 Basics of Linear static analysis
 Use of Nastran Cards in detail ( Cards mentioned in Slide 4 should be must )
 Basics of material plasticity
 Yield Condition
 Flow Rule
 Hardening Rule
• Isotropic Hardening
• Kinematic Hardening
Nastran Cards to be studied
Nastran Cards to be studied
Nastran Cards to be studied
Basics of material plasticity
 Yield Condition
• At what combination of stresses, does a material yield?
• Uniaxial – σ1= σy
• Multiaxial case(Tresca/Von-Mises etc)
σ2
On the circle – Elasto-Plastic Regime
Inside the circle – Elastic Regime
σ1

 Flow Rule
• Gives a mathematical description of how a material flows beyond initial yield
• Roughly a relation between the plastic strain and stress
• It can be given in various form Direct form(εp), Incremental form(dεp), Rate form(εp),
 Hardening Rule
• Isotropic Hardening
• Kinematic Hardening

Hardening Rules
Example:
Problem 1: L-Bracket with following dimension(fig.1) is applied with ultimate load of 1000N load at hole location 1 and
should be constrained at other hole location 2. Validate the component for the given criteria.
(0.06% total Strain is allowed) (Estimated Time. 10Hrs) (Use Material AL 2024)

F = F1+ F2 = 1000N
a = 70 mm
hole location 2
b = 43.5 mm
r c = 23.5 mm
c r = 5.75 mm (radius)
hole location 1 t = 1.5 mm
F2

F1

t
Solution:
Step 1: Geometry cleanup, mid-surface extraction and Discretization (Meshing)

Parameters Values, mm
Min Elem Size 1
Target Elem Size 2
Max Elem Size 3
Thickness of the L-Bracket 1.5

• Other quality parameters need to be

followed as durability mesh criteria
Step 2,3 : Assigning material and other related property. Apply Boundary Conditions and perform linear static
analysis using SOL 101.

• Perform the linear static analysis and view the result, if the stress value exceeds the yield stress then use
Neuber Plasticity Correction
Step 5: Use Neuber Plasticity Correction to co-relate linear static results with actual behavior.

Material AL 2024 T4
Young’s Modulus, E 72395.97 N/mm2
Poisson’s Ratio, µ 0.33

Neuber_Plasticity_
Density, ρ 2.768e-9 tonne/mm3
Ultimate Stress, σtu 445 N/mm2
Correction
Yield Stress, σty 289.58 N/mm2
Percentage Elongation, e 14 %

Note: All the material properties are referred at room temperature

Step 6: If strain in the component (After applying Neuber Plasticity Correction) is crossing the elastic strain value
of material then calculate strain using material data.
Multi-Linear Stress-Strain Curve Input:

Stress, N/mm2 Total Strain, mm mm-1

0 0
289.58 0.004
368.87 0.02
395.76 0.04
413.69 0.06
Material Data
427.48 0.08
437.82 0.1
444.71 0.12
500.00 1.00

Bi-Linear Stress-Strain Curve

Young's Modulus , E = 72395.0 N/mm2
Tangent Modulus , ET = 1337.3 N/mm2

From the formula 𝐸𝑇

Work Hardening Slope, H =   = 𝐸1362.52
𝑇
1−
𝐸
Step 6: Both of the material input can be given for the plastic behavior

Multi-Linear Stress-Strain Curve Bi-Linear Stress-Strain Curve

Step 7: Take the same model and use MATS1 in MAT1 Card and enter the stress and strain data with hardening
effects (Use Kinematic Strain Hardening) and Yield function Criterion (use Von-Mises) in TABLES1 card.

Enter the strain and stress from Step 6 by creating TABLES1 card
Step 7: Take the same model and use MATS1 in MAT1 Card and enter Work hardening slope (H) leaving table
identification number blank (TID) with hardening effects (Use Kinematic Strain Hardening) and Yield function
Criterion (use Von-Mises).
Step 8: Standard Deck For SOL 106 is as follows:

Deck with Multi-Linear Curve.bdf

Deck with Bi-Linear Curve.bdf

 Step 9: Perform Non-Linear Static Analysis (Using SOL 106) to obtain the strain data and compare it with the
elastic strain.
• Linear Static Analysis Results

Displacement Plot Stress Plot

Above equivalent stress can be used in Neuber Plasticity Correction to find plastic behavior and can be
compared with the real analysis
Step 9: Perform Non-Linear Static Analysis (Using SOL 106) to obtain the strain data and compare it with the
elastic strain.
• Non-Linear Static Analysis Results

Displacement Plot Stress Plot

Above Shown results are for Multi-Linear Material input

Step 9: Perform Non-Linear Static Analysis (Using SOL 106) to obtain the strain data and compare it with the
elastic strain.

Strain Plot
Above Shown results are for Multi-Linear Material input
Step 9: Perform Non-Linear Static Analysis (Using SOL 106) to obtain the strain data and compare it with the
elastic strain.
• Non-Linear Static Analysis Results

Displacement Plot Stress Plot

Above Shown results are for Bi-Linear Material input

 Strain Plot
Above Shown results are for Bi-Linear Material input
Conclusion
• Elasto-Plastic analysis helps us in understanding behaviour of material beyond the elastic regime.