Yar203A Advanced Materials and Construction Technology: Unit - Ii

YAR203A ADVANCED MATERIALS AND
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT - II
ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION METHODS
NAME : R.ANUJA.
REG NO : 119011201032.
DEPT : M.ARCH / 1st YR.
SEM : 2nd.
PNEUMATIC STRUCTURES…
ORIGIN:
• The word pneumatic is derived from the Greek word
“pneuma” (meaning breath of air), thus these are the
structure which are supported by air.
• Pneumatic structure has been used by mankind for
thousand of years.
• But in the building technology it was introduced only
about 40 years ago.
HISTORY:
• The concept of pneumatic structures was developed during the development of hot air
balloons.
• A Brazilian priest gusmao conducted the first experiment in 1709.
• During second world war, after the invention of nylon, these structures were widely
operations as shelters.
• These were later used for protecting radar from extreme weather conditions.
PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE…
INTRODUCTION:
• Membrane structures that are stabilized by pressure
of compressed air.
• Pressure difference between the enclosed space and
the exterior are responsible for giving the building its
shape and its stability.
• Round in shape because it creates greatest volume for
least amount of material.
• The whole envelope has to be evenly pressurized for
better stability.
PRINCIPLE:
• Use of relatively thin membrane supported by
pressure difference.
• Membrane can support both tension and compression
and thus withstand moment.
TYPES OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE:

• Air supported structure
• Air inflated structure
AIR SUPPORTED STRUCTURE:

• Air supported structures, in which air
under low pressure (excess pressure 0.1 -1
kilo newton per sq.m ) is fed directly under
the envelope.
• Consists of a single membrane which is
supported by small internal pressure.
• Air locks or revolving doors help to
maintain the internal pressure.
• Air must be constantly provided.
• Life span of 20-25 years.
• Relatively low cost.
AIR INFLATED STRUCTURE:
• Air inflated structures, in which air under

high pressure (excess pressure, 300 –
700KN/Sq m) fills only the supporting
elements of the structure.
• Internal pressure of building remains at
atmospheric pressure.
• There is no restrictions in number and sizes
of openings.
• They have potential to support an attached
structure.
SYSTEM COMPONENTS:
ENVELOPE:
• They can be made up of different materials.

• Cannot be used as a one continuous material.
• Materials are seamed together by sealing, heat
bonding or mechanical jointing.
• The design of the envelope depends on an evenly
pressurized environment.
CABLE SYSTEM:
• They act as the supporting system.

• They experience tension force due to the upward force of the air.
• Can be placed in one or two directions to create a network and for better stability.
• They do not fail since they are pulled tight enough to absorb the external loads.
PUMPING EQUIPMENT:
• It is used to supply and maintain internal

pressure inside the structure.
• Fans, blowers or compressors are used for
constant supply of air.
• The amount of air required depends on the
weight of the material and the wind
pressure.
ENTRANCE DOORS:
• Door can be ordinary doors or airlocks.

• Airlock minimize the chances of having an unevenly pressurized environment.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: DISADVANTAGES:
• Light weight • Need continuous operation of fans to

• Safety maintain pressure.
• Economical • Dome collapse when pressure lost.
• Good natural light • Cannot reach the insulation values of
• Quick erection and dismantling hard – walled structures.
• Limited load – carrying capacity.
• Conventional buildings have longer
ADVANTAGES: lifespan.
• Simple structure, easy installation and

maintenance
• Lightweight
• Covers large spans without internal
supports
• Portability
• Unobstructed open interior space
• No need for columns
MATERIALS:
• Envelope materials
• Anchor materials
ENVELOPE MATERIALS:
• They should be light weight.
• Should have high tensile strength, tear resistance etc.
FIBER GLASS:
• They have high tensile strength, elastic behavior and durability.
• Coated with Teflon or silicone to increase resistance to extreme temperatures
and uv radiation.
POLYESTER:
• Most common envelope material for smaller structures.
• PVC coated polyester is common for flexible, smaller air supported
structures.
• The pvc is applied to the polyester using a bonding or adhesive agent.
ETFE: (Ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene)

• It is very energy efficient because of transparency, insulation and uv resistance.
• It is also light weight has an life span on 20 years and is recyclable.
NYLON:
• Vinyl – coated nylon has more strength, durability and stretch than polyester.
• They have a higher cost.
ANCHOR MATERIALS:
The anchor material depends on the application and size of the pneumatic structure.
STEEL CABLES:
Steel wires are twisted into strands which are then twisted around a core to form the
cable.
BALLASTS:
• Materials for ballasts of smaller structures include sand bags, concrete blocks or
bricks.
• The ballast must be placed around the perimeter of the structure to evenly distribute
the load.
USES:
SPORTS AND RECREATION
Ability to span great distances without beam
and columns.
Eg: American football or baseball grounds

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YAR203A ADVANCED MATERIALS AND

ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION METHODS

TYPES OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE:

AIR SUPPORTED STRUCTURE:

AIR INFLATED STRUCTURE:

• Air inflated structures, in which air under

• They can be made up of different materials.

• They act as the supporting system.

• It is used to supply and maintain internal

• Door can be ordinary doors or airlocks.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS: DISADVANTAGES:

• Light weight • Need continuous operation of fans to

• Simple structure, easy installation and

ETFE: (Ethylene tetra fluoro ethylene)

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