Lecture 1: The Importance of Business Ethics

Holmes Institute
Study Support

Referencing your
Sources
Comparative
Business Ethics and
Social Responsibility

HC2121
What is Plagiarism?

Copying and pasting

someone else’s work
without acknowledgement

Paraphrasing someone
else’s work without
acknowledgement

Using other people’s work

without acknowledgement
 Why Reference?

Helps you to avoid plagiarism by making it clear which ideas are

your own and which are someone else’s

It shows your understanding of the topic

Gives supporting evidence for your ideas, arguments and opinions

Allows others to identify the sources you have used.

 Acknowledge Your Sources

All the assignments, essays, reports, presentations that you are expected to
produce will rely on the work of others – experts in their area

In your assignments you are expected to read widely to gain knowledge from
experts

You are expected to acknowledge in your work the ideas, thoughts, opinions
of others that you have used
 When do I reference? (acknowledge my sources)

Whenever you use an idea from someone else's work

 

For example from a journal article, textbook or website, you should

cite the original author to make it clear where that idea came from.
 Acknowledge Your Sources (The Harvard Method)

Consists of Two Stages

In Text Citation Reference List

 In Text Citation

Stage One – In text citation

 
 Harvard Referencing

Stage Two – Reference List

 
 In text citation or reference list entry ?

A specific source that is Found at the end of the work

mentioned in the body of the
work
 
Includes more information Includes the name of the
like author, the title of the author and publication date
book, publication date
A list of sources mentioned at Found in the body of the work
the end of the work
 In text citation or reference list entry

A specific source that is Found at the end of the work

mentioned in the body of the
work REFERENCE LIST
INTEXT CITATION
 
Includes more information like Includes the name of the author
author, the title of the book, and publication date
publication date INTEXT CITATION
REFERENCE LIST

A list of sources mentioned at Found in the body of the work

the end of the work INTEXT CITATION
REFERENCE LIST
 What do you think?

Which one of these is a reference list entry?

Concern about climate change is becoming a “force for good” in international politics
(Patel , 2005. P24)

Patel, J. (2005) Climate and Politics in a Changing World. Manchester. Manchester

University Press
 What do you think?

Which one of these is a reference list entry?

Concern about climate change is becoming a “force for good” in international politics
(Patel , 2005. P24)

Patel, J. (2005) Climate and Politics in a Changing World. Manchester. Manchester

University Press
 When should I Reference?

Harry has included a reference list at the end of his report

 
Does he also need to include in text citations ?

Yes, in text citation is a marker in your text acknowledging a source

 What and when to cite and reference?

Many people think you only need to reference when you have copied the words of
another author
 
But there is more to it than that .
]

Factual information Data, methods, images Quotations Ideas

Ideas
 What and when to cite and reference?
When using When you copy directly
information from any the words of another
] source you must cite author you must use
and reference even quotation marks and
though you express it Quotations include the page number
Factual 
in your own words in the in text citation
information

When you use data, graphs, Whenever you refer to

tables, images, videos, music, another person’s ideas
software – any intellectual it is correct to
property that is not your acknowledge whose
own original work – ideas they are, even if
acknowledge you express it in your
own words
Data, methods, images Ideas
 When should I Reference?

 
 Quoting

Means reproducing the wording of a source

• When quoting you should use exactly the same words as the original
• And position the punctuation marks precisely
 

The ideal of economic equality ‘tends to do significant harm’ (Frankfurt

2015.p9)

Quotes should be used to support your discussion and need to be used sparingly
 Which student has plagiarised ?

Original text Australia has never had-and would certainly benefit from – a
Ellard (2014) reliable, long-term policy for funding the ongoing medical
research necessary to retain our best talent
Student 1 Ellard (2014) believes Australia would benefit from a
 
dependable, ongoing funding policy for medical research which
is needed to keep our top talent
Student 2 It has been claimed that Australia has never developed a
“reliable, long-term policy for funding … ongoing medical
research” (Ellard,2014,p2)
Student 3 In her recent article, Ellard (2014) links the increasing migration
of Australian medical researchers to the USA to a lack of stable
funding
 Which student has plagiarised ?

Original text Australia has never had-and would certainly benefit from – a
Ellard (2014) reliable, long-term policy for funding the ongoing medical
research necessary to retain our best talent
Student  1 Ellard (2014) believes Australia would benefit from a
dependable, ongoing funding policy for medical research which
is needed to keep our top talent
This is plagiarised – the student has provided a citation but
copied the wording of the original making only minor changes
 Where are citations needed

As long ago as 1963, Martin Luther King lamented that African Americans were still
living “on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity”1 For many, little has changed except that they have now been joined by
another  minority group. 2 The 2010 census data in Table 1 3 clearly shows the gap
between black and Hispanic Americans on one hand, and their white and Asian
countrymen on the other

Table 1: US poverty rates by racial group 2014 4

Racial group Black Hispanic Asian

Poverty rate % 27.4 26.6 12.1

At which point/s are citations needed 1,2,3,4 ?

 Where are citations needed

As long ago as `963, Martin Luther King lamented that African Americans were still
living “on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material
prosperity”1 For many, little has changed except that they have now been joined by
another  minority group. The 2010 census data in Table 1 clearly shows the gap between
black and Hispanic Americans on one hand, and their white and Asian countrymen on
the other

Table 1: US poverty rates by racial group 2014 4

Racial group Black Hispanic Asian
Poverty rate % 27.4 26.6 12.1

1. Quotations must always be cited

4. The data in the table was obtained from a published source, so it must be cited
2. This is the writer’s comment so there is no need for citation
3. The conclusion to this statement was drawn from the table so it does not require a citation
 Test yourself

Kiran finds an article for his assignment in a Hindu language journal. No translation
is available so he translates the relevant information himself and includes it in his
assignment.
 
Is this plagiarism? Choose one of the answers below

1. Yes, it’s irrelevant whether its translated or not

2. No, so long as he cites and references the paper and states that he translated the
content
3. Yes, because the original writer has no authorized Kiran’s translation
 Test yourself

1.Yes, it’s irrelevant whether its translated or not

Correct - Quotations must always be cited
2. No, so long as he cites and references the paper and states that he translated the
 
content
Correct –As well as citing the original article, the translator’s name must be given
3.Yes, because the original writer has no authorized Kiran’s translation
Incorrect – authorization is not required, but the translators name must be included
in the citation
 Test yourself

Jen decides to embed a video clip from YouTube into one of her oral presentation
slides. Does she need to acknowledge the source?
 

No, because YouTube is open access

Yes, because the video is another person’s work

 Test yourself

Jen decides to embed a video clip from YouTube into one of her oral presentation
slides. Does she need to acknowledge the source?
 
No, because YouTube is open access
Incorrect – anything created by another person must be acknowledged, regardless
of where it was obtained

Yes, because the video is another person’s work

 Use Word to Insert your Citation

 
 Citation Managers to help

 
 Citation Managing Software

 
Avoiding Plagiarism

Track where you sourced your

information at all times

Cite even though your own words (but not

your own ideas)

Don’t use other people’s work (part or

whole) at any time