Gen 002 p1 Reviewer

Socrates 3.
Games
- the goal of philosophy was to "Know - develop by allowing individuals to
thyself. Knowing others is wisdom. Knowing understand and adhere to the rules of the
the self is enlightenment. activity. Self is developed by understanding
that there are rules in which one must abide
Plato by in order to win the game or be successful
- is a dualist; there is both immaterial mind at an activity.
(soul) and material body, and it is the soul
that knows the forms. Plato believed the Mead
soul exists before birth and after death. - develops William James' distinction
- Thus he believed that the soul or mind between the "I" and the "me." The "me" is
attains knowledge of the forms, as opposed the accumulated understanding of "the
to the senses. Needless to say, we should generalized other" i.e. how one thinks one's
care about our soul rather than our body. group perceives oneself etc. The "I" is the
The soul (mind) itself is divided into 3 parts: individual's impulses. The "I" is self as
reason; appetite (physical urges), and will subject, the "me" is self as object. The " is
(emotion, passion, spirit.) The will is the the knower, the "me" is the known. For
source of love, anger, indignation, ambition, Mead the thinking process is the
aggression, etc. internalized dialogue between the "I" and
the "me".
St. Augustine
- in his Confessions takes this idea and George Herbert Mead
expands it into an entire genre that critically - For Mead, mind arises out of the social act
inquires what it means to be a person. This of communication Mead's concept of the
identity is achieved through a two-fold social act is relevant, not only to his theory
process of self-presentation, which of mind, but to all facets of his social
self-realization. Only in the presence of the philosophy.
Omnipotent and the Omniscient can the self
attain happiness completeness. Irving Goffman
- Goffman was the 73rd president of the
Descartes - thought that the self is a American Sociological Association His
thinking thing distinct from the body. His first best-known contribution to social theory is
famous principle was" Cogito ergo sum", this study of symbolic interaction.
which means "I think, therefore I am."
Although the mind and body are physically Charles Horton Contey
together as whole, the mind and body are - Introduced a social psychological concept
mentally independent and serve their own known as "Looking glass Self.
function. - The concept of no-glass self describes the
1. Language development of one's self and one's identity
- develops self by allowing individuals to through one interpersonal interaction within
respond to each other through symbols, the context of society.
gestures, words, and sounds.
Anthropology
- is the study of what makes us human.
2. Play Anthropologists
- develops self by allowing individuals to - take a broad approach to understanding
take on different roles, pretend, and express the many different aspects of the human
expectations of others. Play develops one's experience, which we call holism.
self-consciousness through role-playing. - Anthropologists study the concept of
culture and its relationship to human life in
different times and places.
Cultural anthropology An Agentic Perspective Human Agency
- brings us into contact with different ways entails:
of life and challenges our awareness of just
how arbitrary our own understanding of the INTENTIONALITY
world is as we learn how other people have - which enables us to behave purposefully
developed satisfying but different ways of FORETHOUGHT
living. - permit us to anticipate outcomes
Bandura
The Self embedded in Culture - defined human agency as "the human
- Theorists of culture and personality school capability to exert influence over one's
argued that socialization creates personality functioning and the course of events by
patterns. one's actions.
Me-Self Four core properties of human agency:

- Self as object of knowledge. Intentionality
- Consists of all qualities that make self - deals with the forming of intentions that
unique: "include action plans and strategies for
1. Physical and material realizing them?
2. Psychological Forethought
3. Social - involves "the temporal extension of
I-Self agency" by setting goals and anticipating
- Self as knower and actor future events: It includes more than
1. Separate from the surrounding world future-directed plans.
2. Same over time
3. Has a Private inner life Self-reactiveness
4. Controls own thoughts and Actions. - broadens the role of the agent to be more
Real Self than just "planners and fore thinkers and
- Who we actually are. It is how we think, includes processes of self-management and
how we feel, look and act. self-motivation, as well as emotional states
- The real self is our self-image. Our that can undermine self regulation.
self-image includes
1. Physical Description Self-reflection
2. Social Roles - refers to the self-examining nature of
3. Personal Traits human agents. "Through self-awareness,
4. Existential Statements (abstract once). they reflect on their personal efficacy, the
Ideal Self soundness of their thoughts and actions, the
- This is how we want to be. It is the ideal meaning of their pursuits, and if needed]
image that we developed over time based change existing life course patterns''.
on what we have learned and experienced. - The individual identifies primarily with Self,
It includes components of what our parents with the needs of the individual being
have taught us, what we admire in others, satisfied before those of the group.
what our society promotes and what we - Looking after and taking care of oneself,
think is in our best interest. being self-sufficient, guarantees the
- He viewed people as AGENT or originator well-being of the group.
of experience - Independence and self-reliance are greatly
- He conceived HUMAN AGENCY as the stressed and valued
ability to act and make things into reality. - People tend to distance themselves
- He views people as self organizing, psychologically and emotionally from each
proactive, self-reflective and self regulating other.
as times change.
- Persons believe they have specific,
distinctive attributes that set them apart
from the general population.
- Independence and self-reliance are greatly
stressed and valued.
- One may choose to join groups, but group
membership is not essential to one's identity
or success.
- Individualist characteristics are often
associated with men and people in urban
settings.
The principle of individuation, or

principium individuationis, describes the
manner in which a thing is identified as
distinguished from other things

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Socrates 3.

Me-Self Four core properties of human agency:

The principle of individuation, or

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