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    Gravel Sealing: Prospects & Challenges

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    Rajendra K Karki
    Gravel sealing provides prospects for improving rural access but also faces challenges. Strategically upgrading the gravel and earthen sections of Nepal's road network to gravel sealing or other techniques could [1] improve marketing, health, education and social opportunities for rural communities by increasing reliable road access, while [2] facing issues like high gravel loss from traffic and weather effects. Potential options include adopting flexible maintenance approaches, using soil stabilization techniques, and low-cost surfacing methods like gravel sealing, gravseal and ottaseal to cost-effectively upgrade roads.

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    Gravel Sealing: Prospects & Challenges

    Uploaded by

    Rajendra K Karki
    60 views29 pages
    Gravel sealing provides prospects for improving rural access but also faces challenges. Strategically upgrading the gravel and earthen sections of Nepal's road network to gravel sealing or other techniques could [1] improve marketing, health, education and social opportunities for rural communities by increasing reliable road access, while [2] facing issues like high gravel loss from traffic and weather effects. Potential options include adopting flexible maintenance approaches, using soil stabilization techniques, and low-cost surfacing methods like gravel sealing, gravseal and ottaseal to cost-effectively upgrade roads.

    Original Description:

    Road Paving Technology and Design Procedure.

    Original Title

    Road Paving

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    Gravel sealing provides prospects for improving rural access but also faces challenges. Strategically upgrading the gravel and earthen sections of Nepal's road network to gravel sealing or other techniques could [1] improve marketing, health, education and social opportunities for rural communities by increasing reliable road access, while [2] facing issues like high gravel loss from traffic and weather effects. Potential options include adopting flexible maintenance approaches, using soil stabilization techniques, and low-cost surfacing methods like gravel sealing, gravseal and ottaseal to cost-effectively upgrade roads.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views29 pages

    Gravel Sealing: Prospects & Challenges

    Uploaded by

    Rajendra K Karki
    Gravel sealing provides prospects for improving rural access but also faces challenges. Strategically upgrading the gravel and earthen sections of Nepal's road network to gravel sealing or other techniques could [1] improve marketing, health, education and social opportunities for rural communities by increasing reliable road access, while [2] facing issues like high gravel loss from traffic and weather effects. Potential options include adopting flexible maintenance approaches, using soil stabilization techniques, and low-cost surfacing methods like gravel sealing, gravseal and ottaseal to cost-effectively upgrade roads.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    Gravel Sealing

    Prospects & Challenges


    Basic Facts
    Strategic Road Network (SRN)
    High priority in resource allocation
    Health
    Agriculture Annual Expenditures
    20%
    Irrigation
    18% Total for Roads & Bridges
    16% Electricity
    14% Education
    12%
    10%
    Sector Exp. in %
    Total Dev. Exp.s

    8%
    6%
    4%
    2%
    0%

    Fiscal Year
    Basic Facts
    Strategic Road Network (SRN)
    Current Status: Underutilized
    Basic Facts
    Strategic Road Network (SRN)
    Future Status:
    Basic Facts
    Strategic Road Network (SRN)
    Current status: Pavement
    Blacktopped 4952.11
    Gravel 2065.15
    Earthen 3817.76
    Additional Facts
    Nepal Road Network (SRN):
    • Carries about 90 % of passenger &
    freight transport;
    • Limited resource available for
    maintenance of gravel/earthen road.
    • Gravel source: Pit and river gravel
    Prospects
    Reliable Road Access Improves:
    – Marketing opportunities subsistence
    farmers
    – Rural community health through
    better access to health care
    – Education through better access to
    schools and shorter travel times
    – Social welfare
    Reliability
    In order to Bring Reliability

    • Safe Travel
    • Reliable Travel
    • Cost Effective Travel
    • Comfortable Travel
    • Ensured Travel Time

    Up grade Earthen to Higher Standards


    Gravel Surfacing
    What is Gravel Surfacing ???

    Intermediate surface between


    basic engineered earth and
    higher cost, usually bituminous
    paving
    Gravel Surfacing (Ideal)
    Appropriate where :

    – Suitable material is available and


    laid to specification
    – Gravel haul distances are short
    – Road gradient are less than 6 %
    – Rainfall is low or moderate (about
    700 mm/year)
    Gravel Surfacing (Ideal)
    Appropriate where :

    – Traffic is relatively low ( less than


    200 VPD)
    – Resource available for regular
    routine maintenance
    (grading/reshaping), periodic re-
    gravelling
    – Dry season dust generation is not
    severe
    Gravel Surfacing (Reality)
    Excessive gravel loss due:
    – Traffic moving along steep gradient
    (more than 7 %) and short curve
    – High volume intense rainfall during
    monsoon
    – Dryness during dry weather (loss of
    moisture content)
    – Disintegration if subjected to
    flooding
    Gravel Surfacing (Reality)
    • Estimated gravel loss 25 - 50 mm per
    year
    • Prediction of level of routine
    maintenance
    • Expensive periodic regravelling (Rs. 6-8
    lakh/km)
    Health & Environmental Issues
    In dry conditions
    • Dust generated by traffic, and to a
    lesser extent wind, results in increased
    gravel loss
    • Safety hazards, discomfort & nuisance
    • Reduction in agricultural yields &
    livestock health
    • Dust spread over …………
    Health & Environmental Issues
    In dry conditions
    • Pollution of food stores & water
    resources
    • Health hazard due to high airborne dust
    concentration
    • Reduced life/greater servicing
    frequency: machinery, electric
    equipments
    ITS HAPPENS
    Gravel roads are rarely maintained
    systematically.

    Majority Gravel road revert eventually


    to earth road standard.

    The provision and then deprivation of


    access to communities has serious
    social implications.
    So what are the options?
    • Adopting a flexible, realistic and
    innovative approach to access needs,
    provision and maintenance,

    • Maximizing the use of earth (provision


    of good camber, drainage and traffic
    control can often extend the
    serviceability of earth roads) where in-
    situ soils are suitable,
    So what are the options?
    • Spot improvements where limited available
    resources are targeted toward appropriate
    improvement measures at strategic points
    on the route to ensure an optimal level of
    access. These would include:
    – Judicious use of gravel (if resources are
    scarce)
    – Provision of short section of bituminous
    or non-bituminous (high gradient
    section)
    Approach
    • Earthen Sealed
    – Cement Stabilized Soil
    – Lime Stabilized Soil
    – Use of Additives (i. e Polymer etc.)
    • Gravseal

    • Ottaseal
    Strategy
    • Maintenance Definition Review
    • Introduction of Low Cost Surfacing
    • Include Cost Effective Upgrading
    With slight increase in investment
    • Substantial reduction in maintenance
    costs
    • Substantial reduction in user costs
    Threshold Traffic for Road
    Up-gradation (Hills)
    + Road User Costs)
    Total Transport Costs (Investment

    ce
    rf a )
    S u g (1
    en cin
    h r fa
    art l Su
    E ve
    Gra

    v ement (2)
    us Pa g
    Maintenance

    c i n
    Bi t um ino
    avel Surfa
    d G r
    Seale
    Costs
    +Investment

    50 VPD 100 VPD


    Traffic Level VPD
    Gravseal
    Gravseal consists of a special semi-priming
    rubberized binder which is covered with a
    graded aggregate. The binder is an optimum
    blend of rubberized bitumen and medium
    solvents. This allows the gravel aggregate of the
    base to penetrate through the binder while
    depositing sufficient residual elastic binder on
    the surface to retain the graded aggregates.
    Suitable aggregates for the Gravseal are well
    graded and fall between 19mm and 2mm.
    Ottaseal
    Otta seals consist of a 16 to 32mm thick
    bituminous surfacing composed of an admixture
    of graded aggregate in combination with a soft
    binder. The selection of a suitable binder type
    depends on the aggregate properties, the
    prevailing temperature conditions, rolling
    capacity and traffic volume. Suitable binders
    must be soft enough to initially coat the fines in
    the aggregates and rapidly move up through the
    matrix of aggregate voids by the action of rolling
    and traffic.
    Ottaseal after two monsoon: GS Road
    Thickness Measured 12 mm
    Conclusion
    • Easier construction & quality control
    • Longer service life
    • Allows maximum use of local materials
    • Allows use of low strength aggregate
    • Better weather protection with sand seal
    • Suitable to labour intensive construction
    • 30-40 percent cost savings Total
    Transport Costs (Life Cycle Costs)

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