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    Made Up of Neurons and Neuroglia Cells: Anatomical Subdivisions of NS

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    Javorko P
    The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. It can be divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system performs integration, processing, and coordination functions while the peripheral nervous system contains sensory and motor divisions. Neurons and neuroglia cells are the basic cellular units, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support and insulation.

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    Made Up of Neurons and Neuroglia Cells: Anatomical Subdivisions of NS

    Uploaded by

    Javorko P
    15 views18 pages
    The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. It can be divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system performs integration, processing, and coordination functions while the peripheral nervous system contains sensory and motor divisions. Neurons and neuroglia cells are the basic cellular units, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support and insulation.

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    The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. It can be divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system performs integration, processing, and coordination functions while the peripheral nervous system contains sensory and motor divisions. Neurons and neuroglia cells are the basic cellular units, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support and insulation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    15 views18 pages

    Made Up of Neurons and Neuroglia Cells: Anatomical Subdivisions of NS

    Uploaded by

    Javorko P
    The nervous system is composed of neurons and neuroglia cells. It can be divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system performs integration, processing, and coordination functions while the peripheral nervous system contains sensory and motor divisions. Neurons and neuroglia cells are the basic cellular units, with neurons transmitting signals and neuroglia providing support and insulation.

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    Made up of neurons

    and neuroglia cells

    Anatomical subdivisions of NS
    Functional Overview of NS
    CNS PNS
     Integration,
    1. Sensory or afferent division
    processing and with sensory neurons.
    coordination of Brings sensory info to CNS.
    sensory data and
    motor commands Begins as receptors, ends
     Higher functions in?
    2. Motor or efferent division
    with motor neurons.
    Brings motor commands to
    peripheral tissue.
    Ends at effector cells.
    Peripheral Nervous System
    Cellular Organization of Neural Tissue
    Two cell types:
    1. Neurons

    2. Neuroglia
     Schwann cells
     Satellite cells
    See fig. 13-5
     Astrocytes
     Oligodendrocytes
     Microglial cells
     Ependymal cells Compare to fig. 14-4
    General Neuron Structure
     Cell body or Soma with Perikaryon
     Dendrites
     Axon with axon hillock
     Synaptic terminals
    Astrocytes: largest & most numerous
    Function: BBB
    structural framework & repairs
    regulation of ions, nutrients, gases
    Oligodendrocyte
    Smaller than astrocyte
    Produce myelin in CNS (white matter vs. gray matter!)

    Myelin = ?
    Microglia cells
     Smallest
     Phagocytosis of ?
      # during infection or injury
    Ependymal
    cells
    Lining of ventricles & central canal
    Some regions ciliated
    Some specialized to produce CSF
    Schwann Cells
    Responsible for
    and Peripheral Axons myelination, but
    surround all peripheral
    axons!
    Involved in repair
    mechanism after injury
    Wallerian Degeneration

    myelinated
    Structural Neuron Classification
    Axon hillock

    Anaxonic
    In CNS

    Unipolar
    Also called
    pseudounipolar
    Sensory neurons

    See fig. 13-10


    Structural Neuron Classification cont. . .

    Bipolar
    Unmyelinated
    Rare, but important
    in special senses

    Multipolar
    Most common
    All motor neurons
    Functional Neuron Classification
    1) somatic vs.
    visceral sensory
    or afferent
    monitoring of ?

    2) somatic vs.
    visceral motor or
    efferent
    carry instructions to ?

    3) Inter- or
    association neurons
    Synapse
    Site of communication between two nerve
    cells or nerve cell and effector cell
    neuro-effector junctions (example?)

    Electrical vs.
    chemical synapses
    Chemical Synapse vs. Electrical Synapse

    Space between two cells


    Signal transduction via
    NT
    Most common

    Direct physical contact


    between cells = gap
    junctions
    Direct signal transduction
    Chem.
    Synapse
    Structure

    1. Axon terminal of presynaptic cell


    2. Synaptic cleft
    3. Dendrite or cell body of postsynaptic cell
    Neuron Organization
     Divergence - One neuron synapses with several,
    effectively "spreading the word".
     Convergence - Several neurons synapse with a single
    neuron, concentrating the input.
     Serial processing - step-wise, sequential
     Parallel processing - simultaneous processing of
    different information
    Anatomical Organizatin of NS
    Collections of cell bodies - ganglion in PNS, center or
    nucleus in CNS

    Bundles of axons - tracts in CNS, nerves in PNS

    “White” = myelinated axons, both nerves and tracts

    “Gray” = non-myelinated material, dendrites,


    synapses and cell bodies as well as nonmyelinated
    axons. In CNS – nucleus; in PNS - ganglia

    Compare to fig. 13-15

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