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    Exploring Descriptive English Grammar Exploring Descriptive English Grammar

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    Layla Zalsabila
    The document provides information about the causative verbs in English grammar. It defines causative verbs as verbs used to indicate that one person causes another person to do something. It then gives examples of different causative verbs - have, get, let, make, and help - and explains their meanings and usage patterns. For each verb, it outlines the grammatical structures they can be used in and provides illustrative examples. It also discusses the use of either, neither, so and too in relation to negative and affirmative agreement. The document aims to describe the function and use of various causative verbs in English.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Exploring Descriptive English Grammar Exploring Descriptive English Grammar

    Uploaded by

    Layla Zalsabila
    56 views20 pages
    The document provides information about the causative verbs in English grammar. It defines causative verbs as verbs used to indicate that one person causes another person to do something. It then gives examples of different causative verbs - have, get, let, make, and help - and explains their meanings and usage patterns. For each verb, it outlines the grammatical structures they can be used in and provides illustrative examples. It also discusses the use of either, neither, so and too in relation to negative and affirmative agreement. The document aims to describe the function and use of various causative verbs in English.

    Original Description:

    Exploring Descriptive In English Grammar

    Original Title

    English Grammar.pptx

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    The document provides information about the causative verbs in English grammar. It defines causative verbs as verbs used to indicate that one person causes another person to do something. It then gives examples of different causative verbs - have, get, let, make, and help - and explains their meanings and usage patterns. For each verb, it outlines the grammatical structures they can be used in and provides illustrative examples. It also discusses the use of either, neither, so and too in relation to negative and affirmative agreement. The document aims to describe the function and use of various causative verbs in English.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views20 pages

    Exploring Descriptive English Grammar Exploring Descriptive English Grammar

    Uploaded by

    Layla Zalsabila
    The document provides information about the causative verbs in English grammar. It defines causative verbs as verbs used to indicate that one person causes another person to do something. It then gives examples of different causative verbs - have, get, let, make, and help - and explains their meanings and usage patterns. For each verb, it outlines the grammatical structures they can be used in and provides illustrative examples. It also discusses the use of either, neither, so and too in relation to negative and affirmative agreement. The document aims to describe the function and use of various causative verbs in English.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Exploring

    ExploringDescriptive
    DescriptiveEnglish
    English
    Grammar
    Grammar
    Causative
    causative

    Back Next
    Function

    Meaning Kind

    Causative

    Back
    Next
    Meaning

    The Causative verb are used to indicate that one person causes a person to
    do something for the first person. One person can cause somebody to do
    something for him or her by paying, asking or forcing the person . ( Pyle
    and Page : 170)
    We use a causative verb when we want to talk about something that
    someone else did for us or for another person. It means that the subject
    caused the action to happen, but didn't do it themselves. Maybe they paid, or
    asked, or persuaded the other person to do it. ( www. Perfect-english-
    grammar.com)
    Back Materi Next
    • For example, we can say:

    - I cleaned my house. (This means I cleaned it myself).

    • If I paid someone to clean it, of course I can say:

    - A cleaner cleaned my house.

    • But, another way is to use a causative construction. So I can also say:

    - I had my house cleaned.

    In a sense, using a causative verb is similar to using a passive. The important thing

    is that the house is now clean. We don't focus on who did the cleaning.

    Back Next
    Function
    Function
    Actually, in the beginning we have discussed about function of causative, so
    we can conclude that the function of causative is :
     To request to someone else to do something

    Back Materi Next


    Have
    Have

    Help
    Help Get
    Get

    Verb of
    causative

    Make
    Make Let
    Let

    Back Materi Next


    HAVE = GIVE SOMEONE ELSE THE RESPONSIBILITY TO DO SOMETHING

    • Have + object + past participle (have something done)


    o We usually use 'have something done' when we are talking about paying
    someone to do something for us. It's often used for services. The form is
    'subject + have + object + past participle’.
    - I had my car washed.
    - John will have his house painted.
    • Have someone do something (have + person + infinitive)
    o We can also use the construction 'subject + have + person + infinitive'. This
    has a very similar meaning to 'have something done', which we've already
    talked about, but this time we say who did the thing - we talk about the
    person who we asked to do the thing for us.
    - I had the electrician look at my broken light.
    - The doctor will have the nurse call the patients.
    - The teacher had the students write the answers on the whiteboard.

    Back Materi Next


    GET = CONVINCE/ENCOURAGE SOMEONE TO DO
    SOMETHING

    • Get + object + past participle (get something done)


    o We can also use 'subject + get + object + past participle'. This has the same
    meaning as 'have', but is less formal.The students get their essays checked.
    - I'll get my hair cut next week.
    - He got his washing machine fixed.
    • Get someone to do something (get + person + to + infinitive)
    o We can also use the construction 'get + someone + to + infinitive'. Again, this
    means that you cause the other person to do the action, maybe by paying
    them to do it, or by asking them to do it, or by persuading them to do it.
    - She gets her son to do his homework by promising him ice cream when he's finished.
    - I got the cleaner to clean under the cupboards.

    Back Materi Next


    The clause following have or get may be active or
    passive. Study the following rules.

    (1) ACTIVE

    Subject + have + complement + [verb in simple from]…


    (any tense) (usually person)

    (2) ACTIVE
    Subject + get + complement + [verb in infinitive]…
    (any tense) (usually person)

    (3) ACTIVE
    Subject + (have/get) + complement + [verb in past participle]…
    (any tense) (usually thing)
    LET = PERMIT SOMETHING TO HAPPEN

    • Subject + let + object + bare infinitive (infinitive without


    'to’)
    o 'Let' can mean 'allow' or 'give permission’:
    - David's mother let him use her car.
    - Our boss let us leave early.
    o We can also use 'let' to mean 'allow' in the sense of 'make something
    possible’:
    - This student card lets you book discount flights.
    - You can buy a pass which lets you visit all the art galleries more cheaply.
    • Let's + infinitive is often used to make a suggestion:
    - Let's go to the cinema tonight.
    - Let's get some coffee.
    (Although 'let's' is a contraction of 'let us', we don't use 'let us' in this situation).
    We don't use 'let' in the passive.

    Back Materi Next


    Let is usually added to the list of causatives
    grammar textbooks. It is not actually causative. It
    means allow or permit. Notice the difference in
    grammar.

    Subject + let + complement + [verb in simple form]…

    Subject + {permit / allow} + complement + [ verb in infinitive]…


    MAKE = FORCE OR REQUIRE SOMEONE TO TAKE AN ACTION

    • Subject + make + object + bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to’)


    o 'Make' can mean 'force someone to do something that he or she doesn't want to
    do’:
    - His mother made him clean his room.
    - The teacher made us study very hard.
    o It can also be used to mean 'cause someone to do something' (the thing can be
    good or bad):
    - That film made me cry.
    - My brother often makes me laugh.
    o If we use 'make' in the passive, we use the infinitive with 'to' instead of the bare
    infinitive:
    - She was made to work on Saturday, even though she hated working at weekends.
    o We can also use subject + make + object + adjective. This means 'cause the
    object to be the adjective' (the adjective can be good or bad):
    - Her story made me really happy.
    - The traffic jam made us late.

    Back Materi Next


    Make can be followed only by a clause in the
    active voice. It is stronger than have or get. It
    means force

    Subject + make + complement + [verb in simple form]…


    (any tense)
    HELP = ASSIST SOMEONE IN DOING SOMETHING

    • Grammatical structure:
    o HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)
    o HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB
    • After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. In general,
    the form without “to” is more common:
    - He helped me carry the boxes.
    - He helped me to carry the boxes.
    - Reading before bed helps me relax.
    - Reading before bed helps me to relax.

    Back Materi Next


    Either
    Either

    Too
    Too Neither
    Neither
    Used of
    Used of

    So
    So

    Next
    Back
    Either = Negative Agreement
    Either is used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries,
    be, do, does, or did apply.

    Grammatical :

    Negative statement + and ( subject + negative auxiliary or be + either )

    Example :
    - I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning.
    Tobe : I didn’t see Mary this morning, and John didn’t either.

    Back Materi Next


    Neither = Negative Agreement
    Neither is used to indicate negative statement like either. It also has the same
    rules for auxiliaries like either. That are be and do, does,or did apply.
    Although, neither placed before the positive auxiliary.
    Grammatical :

    Negative statement + and ( neither + positive auxiliary or be + either )

    Example :
    John hasn’t seen the movie yet. I haven’t seen the new movie yet.
    If we use neither : John hasn’t seen the movie yet, and neither have I.

    Back Materi Next


    So and Too = Affirmative Agreement
    • When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in
    the simple statement that follow:
    Grammatical: Affirmative Statement (be) + and +{ so + verb (be) + subject} /
    {subject + verb(be) + too}

    • Example: I am happy, and you are too


    I am happy, and so are you
     When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example will go, should do, has done, have
    written,etc. Occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple
    statement, and the subject and verb must agree.

    Grammatical: Affirmative Statement + and + subject + auxiliary only + too


    so + auxiliary only + subject

    • Example: They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too
    They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you
    • When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main
    clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The
    subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same.

    Grammatical: Affirmative Statement + and + so + do, does, or did + subject


    subject + do, does, or did + too

    • Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too


    • Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister

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