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    Rhizobium

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    mendal sci
    Rhizobium are rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legume plants. They live in the soil but can also reside within root nodules on legume roots. Rhizobium are typically 0.5-0.9 μm wide and 1.2-3.0 μm long. They are facultative anaerobes that use various carbohydrates and compounds like nitrates for growth. Rhizobium were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of pea plants by plating serial dilutions on yeast extract mannitol agar and incubating the plates.

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    Rhizobium

    Uploaded by

    mendal sci
    337 views13 pages
    Rhizobium are rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legume plants. They live in the soil but can also reside within root nodules on legume roots. Rhizobium are typically 0.5-0.9 μm wide and 1.2-3.0 μm long. They are facultative anaerobes that use various carbohydrates and compounds like nitrates for growth. Rhizobium were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of pea plants by plating serial dilutions on yeast extract mannitol agar and incubating the plates.

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    Rhizobium are rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legume plants. They live in the soil but can also reside within root nodules on legume roots. Rhizobium are typically 0.5-0.9 μm wide and 1.2-3.0 μm long. They are facultative anaerobes that use various carbohydrates and compounds like nitrates for growth. Rhizobium were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of pea plants by plating serial dilutions on yeast extract mannitol agar and incubating the plates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    337 views13 pages

    Rhizobium

    Uploaded by

    mendal sci
    Rhizobium are rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that form symbiotic relationships with legume plants. They live in the soil but can also reside within root nodules on legume roots. Rhizobium are typically 0.5-0.9 μm wide and 1.2-3.0 μm long. They are facultative anaerobes that use various carbohydrates and compounds like nitrates for growth. Rhizobium were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of pea plants by plating serial dilutions on yeast extract mannitol agar and incubating the plates.

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    Rhizobium

    CHARACTERISTICS OF RHIZOBIUM
    • They do not form endospores ,
    • They are Gram-negative and are mobile by a single polar flagellum
    or two to six peritrichous flagella.
    • Cells from a young culture and nodule bacteroids usually show
    even Gram staining while older and longer cells give a banded
    appearance with unstained areas.
    • These unstained areas have been identified to be large granules of
    polymeric beta-hydroxybutyric acid (PHBA).
    • Rhizobia are predominantly aerobic chemoorganotrophs and are
    relatively easy to culture
    • Although they can tolerate higher temperatures of
    about 38 degrees Celsius, Rhizobium leguminosarum
    ideally grow in temperatures of between 20 and 28
    degrees Celsius

    • Apart from various types of carbohydrates, the bacteria


    also uses nitrates and nitrite, ammonium salts and
    various amino acids among others for development
    • SHAPE : Rod-shaped
    • WIDTH : 0.5-0.9
    • LENGTH : 1.2-3.0
    • Generally, most rhizobia
    produce white colonies
    • But those that nodulate
    Lotononis bainesii produce a
    characteristic red nonheme
    carotenoid pigment when
    cultured in yeast-mannitol (YM)
    medium.
    • Rhizobia are facultative microsymbionts that live as
    normal components of the soil
    • microbial population when not living symbiotically in
    the root nodules of the host legume.
    • Outside the root nodule, rhizobia are mostly found on
    the root surface (rhizoplane),
    • soil around and close to the root surface (rhizosphere),
    and, to a lesser extent, nonrhizosphere soil.
    RHIZOBIA
    Rhizobium in root nodules
    Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules of the pea plants

    • Pea plants were carefully uprooted and the root system was
    washed under running water to remove the adhesive soil
    particles.

    • The colour of the nodules varied from brown to pink


    depending on the state of pigment present in them.

    • For experiment healthy unbroken pink nodules were


    selected.
    Surface Sterilization of root nodules

    • The sterilizing agent, 0.1 % mercuric chloride and 3-5%


    hydrogen peroxides were used.

    • The nodules were immersed in sterilizing agents for 4-5


    mints and then washed repeatedly with sterile distilled
    water.

    • Then they are washed in 70% ethyl-alcohol followed by


    washing with sterile distilled water again.
    Isolation of Rhizobium by serial dilution method
    Nodules were washed in a small aliquot of sterile distilled water with the
    help of a glass rod.
    ↓

    Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar (YEMA) plates (Himedia) were prepared and
    sterilized by autoclaving.
    ↓

    Ten fold serial dilution of nodular extract was prepared by taking 1g of


    nodular extract into 10 ml of sterile distilled water and mixed well to get
    nodular extract suspension
    One ml of nodular extract suspension was diluted with 9 ml of sterile
    distilled water making the dilution to 10-2.
    ↓
    Similarly dilution up to 10-8 was made separately for each nodular
    extract
    ↓
    Suspension (0.1 ml) of nodular extract was prepared from 10-3 to 10-8
    dilutions and inoculated into sterile YEMA plates.
    ↓
    The sample was spreaded throughout the YEMA plates and inoculated
    Petri plates were incubated for 4-7 days in an incubator at 37oC.
    THANK YOU

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