Introduction To Python: Name: Juhi Sawon Course:BCA 6 (B) Roll Number: 1021605 (14) Submitted To: Atul Bhandari Sir

Introduction to Python
Name: Juhi Sawon

Course:BCA 6 (B)
Roll Number: 1021605(14)
Submitted to : Atul
Introduction to Python
• Python is a high-level programming
language
• Open source and community driven
• “Batteries Included”
– a standard distribution includes
many modules
• Dynamic typed
• Source can be compiled or run just-
in-time
• Similar to perl, tcl, ruby
Why Python?
• Unlike AML and Avenue, there is a
considerable base of developers
already using the language
• “Tried and true” language that has
been in development since 1991
• Can interface with the Component
Object Model (COM) used by Windows
• Can interface with Open Source GIS
toolsets
Why not Visual Basic?
• Visual Basic is still the method of
configuring and customizing ArcMap
• If you have a button on the toolbar, it’s
VB
• Python scripts can be placed in ArcToolbox
• Python can be run from the command line
without ArcMap or ArcCatalog being open
• Using just the GIS Engine, lower overhead
• Rapid prototyping, ease of authoring, etc.
Python Interfaces
• IDLE – a cross-platform Python
development environment
• PythonWin – a Windows only interface
to Python
• Python Shell – running 'python' from
the Command Line opens this
interactive shell
• For the exercises, we'll use IDLE,
but you can try them all and pick a
favorite
IDLE – Development Environment
• IDLE helps you
program in
Python by:
– color-coding
your program
code
– debugging
– auto-indent
– interactive
shell
Example Python
• Hello World
print “hello
world”
• Prints hello
world to standard
out
• Open IDLE and try
it out yourself
• Follow along
using IDLE
More than just printing
• Python is an object oriented
language
• Practically everything can be
treated as an object
• “hello world” is a string
• Strings, as objects, have methods
that return the result of a function
on the string
String Methods
• Assign a string
to a variable
• In this case
“hw”
• hw.title()
• hw.upper()
• hw.isdigit()
• hw.islower()
String Methods
• The string held in your variable
remains the same
• The method returns an altered string
• Changing the variable requires
reassignment
– hw = hw.upper()
– hw now equals “HELLO WORLD”
Other Python Objects
• Lists (mutable sets of strings)
– var = [] # create list
– var = [‘one’, 2, ‘three’, ‘banana’]
• Tuples (immutable sets)
– var = (‘one’, 2, ‘three’, ‘banana’)
• Dictionaries (associative arrays or
‘hashes’)
– var = {} # create dictionary
– var = {‘lat’: 40.20547, ‘lon’:
-74.76322}
– var[‘lat’] = 40.2054
• Each has its own set of methods
Lists
• Think of a list as a stack of cards, on

which your information is written
• The information stays in the order you
place it in until you modify that order
• Methods return a string or subset of the
list or modify the list to add or remove
components
• Written as var[index], index refers to
order within set (think card number,
starting at 0)
• You can step through lists as part of a
loop
List Methods
• Adding to the List
– var[n] = object
• replaces n with object
– var.append(object)
• adds object to the end of the list
• Removing from the List
– var[n] = []
• empties contents of card, but
preserves order
– var.remove(n)
• removes card at n
– var.pop(n)
• removes n and returns its value
Lists in ArcToolbox
You will create
lists:
• Layers as inputs
• Attributes to match
• Arrays of objects
You will work with
lists:
• List of field names
• List of selected
features
Tuples
• Like a list, tuples are iterable
arrays of objects
• Tuples are immutable –
once created, unchangeable
• To add or remove items, you must
redeclare
• Example uses of tuples
– County Names
– Land Use Codes
– Ordered set of functions
Dictionaries
• Dictionaries are sets of key & value pairs
• Allows you to identify values by a
descriptive name instead of order in a
list
• Keys are unordered unless explicitly
sorted
• Keys are unique:
– var[‘item’] = “apple”
– var[‘item’] = “banana”
– print var[‘item’] prints just banana
Indentation and Blocks
• Python uses whitespace and indents to
denote blocks of code
• Lines of code that begin a block end in a
colon:
• Lines within the code block are indented
at the same level
• To end a code block, remove the
indentation
• You'll want blocks of code that run only
when certain conditions are met
Conditional Branching
• if and else
if variable == condition:
#do something based on v == c
else:
#do something based on v != c
• elif allows for additional branching
if condition:
elif another condition:
…
else: #none of the above
Looping with For
• For allows you to loop over a block
of code a set number of times
• For is great for manipulating lists:
a = ['cat', 'window',
'defenestrate']
for x in a:
print x, len(x)
Results:
cat 3
window 6
defenestrate 12
Looping with For
• We could use a for loop to perform
geoprocessing tasks on each layer in
a list
• We could get a list of features in a
feature class and loop over each,
checking attributes
• Anything in a sequence or list can
be used in a For loop
• Just be sure not to modify the list
while looping
Modules
• Modules are additional pieces of
code that further extend Python’s
functionality
• A module typically has a specific
function
– additional math functions,
databases, network…
• Python comes with many useful
modules
• arcgisscripting is the module we
will use to load ArcGIS toolbox
functions into Python
Modules
• Modules are accessed using import
– import sys, os # imports two
modules
• Modules can have subsets of
functions
– os.path is a subset within os
• Modules are then addressed by
modulename.function()
– sys.argv # list of arguments
– filename =
os.path.splitext("points.txt")
– filename[1] # equals ".txt"
Files
• Files are manipulated by creating a file
object
– f = open("points.txt", "r")
• The file object then has new methods
– print f.readline() # prints line from
file
• Files can be accessed to read or write
– f = open("output.txt", "w")
– f.write("Important Output!")
• Files are iterable objects, like lists
Error Capture
• Check for type assignment errors,
items not in a list, etc.
• Try & Except
try:
a block of code that might have
an error
except:
code to execute if an error
occurs in "try"
• Allows for graceful failure
– important in ArcGIS
THANKYOU

Introduction To Python: Name: Juhi Sawon Course:BCA 6 (B) Roll Number: 1021605 (14) Submitted To: Atul Bhandari Sir

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction To Python: Name: Juhi Sawon Course:BCA 6 (B) Roll Number: 1021605 (14) Submitted To: Atul Bhandari Sir

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction To Python: Name: Juhi Sawon Course:BCA 6 (B) Roll Number: 1021605 (14) Submitted To: Atul Bhandari Sir

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Introduction to Python

Name: Juhi Sawon

• Think of a list as a stack of cards, on

You might also like