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    Chem 2 - IMF

    Uploaded by

    Mherwin Retanal

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    Chem 2 - IMF

    Uploaded by

    Mherwin Retanal
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    Chem 2 - IMF.pptx

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    46 views24 pages

    Chem 2 - IMF

    Uploaded by

    Mherwin Retanal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Intermolecular

    Forces of Attraction
    Properties of Matter Molecular Behavior

    solid liquid gas

    Volume/Shape

    Density

    Compressibility

    Motion of Molecules
    Intermolecular
    Forces
    Properties of Matter Molecular Behavior

    solid liquid gas

    Volume/Shape fixed volume; fixed Fixed volume; Assumes volume


    shape (regardless assumes shape of and shape of
    of size and shape of occupied part of container
    container container
    Density high high low

    Compressibility Cannot be Cannot be Easy to compress


    compressed compressed

    Motion of Molecules less random, medium Random, fast, cover


    Intermolecular
    speed, limited large distances Forces
    distances
    States of Matter

    Intermolecular
    Forces
    The Three Phases of Matter

    condensed phases
    Electrostatic Forces

     Intramolecular forces: the forces that


    exist within the molecule.

     Intermolecular forces: attractive forces


    that exist between molecules.
    Johannes Diderik van Der Waals
     was born on November 23,
    1837 in Leyden, The
    Netherlands.
     In his 1873 thesis, van der
    Waals noted the non-ideality
    of real gases and attributed
    it to the existence
    of intermolecular
    interactions.
    Inter-Ionic Forces
    On the other
    hand, inter-ionic
    forces are forces
    that hold ions
    together.
    Ion–Dipole Interactions
    • Ion–dipole interactions are important in solutions
    of ions.
    • The strength of these forces is what makes it
    possible for ionic substances to dissolve in polar
    solvents.

    Intermolecular
    Forces
    © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
    Ion-Dipole Forces
    Exist in the attraction between a charged particle
    called ion (which can be a positively charged
    cation or a negatively charged anion) and a polar.
    This exhibited in hydration, or the interaction of
    water molecules with the cations and anions of
    ionic compounds dissolved in water.
    When NaCl is dissolved in water (H2O), NaCl will dissociate
    into sodium cations (Na+) and chlorine anions (Cl-).
    Because water is a polar molecule and has a partial negative
    and partial positive poles, the Na+ will form an ion-dipole
    interaction with the partial negative part of water molecule
    (O), while Cl- will form an ion-dipole interaction with the
    partial positive part of the water molecule (H+).
    Dipole-dipole forces
    Dipole-dipole forces are
    attractive forces existing
    between polar molecules
    (molecules that exhibit dipole
    moment), such as HCl.
    Because there is
    unequal sharing of
    electron between H and
    Cl atoms, partial positive
    and partial negative
    poles exist and are
    referred to as a dipole.
    15
    The more electronegative atom becomes
    partially negative and has most electron
    density, whereas the least electronegative
    becomes partially positive and has a lesser
    electron density.
    “Like Dissolves Like”
    • Polar liquids are miscible with other polar liquids, but
    not with nonpolar liquids.
    Hydrogen - bonding

    • H-bonding is a special type of dipole - dipole


    attraction that is very strong

    • It occurs when F, O, or N are bonded to H

    • They are given a special name (H-bonding)


    because compounds containing these forces are
    important in biological systems
    The water molecule
    is a very good
    example of a
    substance that
    exhibits hydrogen
    bonding.
    H
    Dispersion Forces or London Forces
    Are the weakest attractive force that are
    formed due to the temporary dipoles induced
    in non-polar molecules.
    This force is also called induced-dipole-
    induced-dipole attraction.
    The London dispersion force is the weakest
    intermolecular force because it has only a temporary
    attractive force.
    Dispersion force exist when the electrons in two
    adjacent atoms attract and induce temporary dipoles.
    This forces is sometimes called induced-dipole
    attraction.
    Intermolecular and Inter-ionic Forces of Attraction
    Type of Interaction Interacting Particles
    Dispersion All molecules (especially
    nonpolar molecules
    Dipole-dipole Polar molecules
    Ion-dipole Ions and polar molecules
    Ion-ion Ions (cations and anions)
    Hydrogen bond N, O, or F bonded with H atom

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