Dr. Ir.

Dedy Kristanto, MT, IPM

Petroleum Engineering Department
UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS:
CROSSPLOT METHODS
Objectives

Be able to use Density-Neutron or Neutron-

Sonic Crossplots :
- to estimate the true formation porosity
- to estimate the mineral constituency of the
reservoir rock.

DK - 2 -
Two Measurement Porosity
Crossplots

To determine of two unknown parameters

- Formations with one lithology
• Lithology
• Porosity
- Formations of two known constituents
• Can determine a more accurate value of porosity
• Can determine the percentage of each mineral
- Complex lithologies
• Can determine a more accurate value of porosity
• Can not determine percentage mineral makeup
Common Porosity Crossplots

Neutron-Density
Sonic-Neutron

Sonic-Density

All have disturbing effects

- Shaliness
- Hydrocarbons (gas)
- Fractures
Neutron-Density Crossplots

Most frequently used

Developed for clean, liquid-saturated
formations
Boreholes filled with water or water-
based muds
Several charts, depending on tools
- CP-1’s Schlumberger
- CNT-K-1’s and DSN-II-1’s Halliburton
Neutron-Density 1.9

45
40
Crossplots 2.0 Sulfur

40
Ap Salt

35
2.1 pro

35
Axes
co gas x.

Bulk density (Mg/m3 or g/cc)

Trona

30
rre ity

30
2.2 c
- Neutron limestone tio os

35
r

25
n
Po

25
- Density 2.3

30
20
 = 30

20
NE-SW litho lines 2.4

25
15
ne

15
- Sandstone to

10
s

20
2.5 d
n ne  = 20

10
Sa t o
- Limestone

5
s e

15
2.6 e it
m m

5
Li lo

0
- Dolomite o

10
2.7 D
0
NW-SE porosity lines  = 10
Polyhalite

5
Langbeinite
2.8
- Connect equal porosity
0

points 2.9
e
rit
yd
nh
0

- Nearly parallel
A

3.0
0 10 20 30 40
Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
 1.9
Chart based on...

45
40
POR-12/13 Neutron 2.0 Sulfur

40
Ap Salt

35
POR-10 Density 2.1 pro

35
co gas x.

Bulk density (Mg/m3 or g/cc)

Trona

30
rre ity

30
2.2 c tio os

35
r

25
n
Po

25
2.3

30
20
 = 30

20
2.4

25
15
ne

15
to

10
s

20
2.5 d
n ne  = 20

10
Sa t o

5
s e

15
2.6 e it
m m

5
Li lo

0
o

10
2.7 D
0
 = 10
Polyhalite

5
Langbeinite
2.8 0

2.9
e
rit
yd
nh
0
A

3.0
0 10 20 30 40
Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
Example Log - DN Plot Well “X”
Gas Effect
Well “A”
 Zone
- A: 0 - 20 A
- B: 20 - 55 B
- C: 55 - 335
- D: 335 - 350

• A
– Density = 2.95
– Neutron = -2
C
• B, D
• C
– D-N litho scaling
– GWC @ 295 m.
– D-N near overlay
below
D
Gas
Effect
Well “A”
C

A
Density-Neutron Other Comments
Density log may be displayed as porosity
- Density-Neutron overlay for water-filled
lithology
- Curve order as with gr/cc scaling
Shale/Gas effects
- Across litho lines: Lithology most affected
- Along porosity lines: Porosity least affected
Response lines change with tool type
Sonic-Neutron Crossplots

Developed for clean, liquid-saturated formations

Boreholes filled with water or water-base mud
 Sonic-Neutron Plots
110

40
Time average
Similar layout to

40
Field observation

35

40
40
density-neutron 100
ity

35
30
s
ro

35
Two lines - two

t, Sonic transit time (s/ft)

90 Po

30
25
porosity models

35
30
e
ton

25
20
80 d s
- Wylie time

25 25
n
Syivite
Sa

20

30
15
average

20

ite
70

lt

15
e

Sa

om
n Trona

25
0
- Raymer-Hunt to

15

ol
es

D
5
60 m
Li

15

20
Charts

10
5 e
ri t e
lit 15
0

yd

ha
nh

oly
- CP-2’s (S) 50 10
0 A

5 P
0

5
0

- CNT-K-2’s (H) 40
0

0 10 20 30 40
Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
 Sonic-Neutron Plots
Shale - NE region 110

40
Time average

40
Field observation

35

40
40
100
• Fracs - South ity

35
30
s
ro

35
t, Sonic transit time (s/ft)
90 Po

30
25
• Gas - NW

35
30
e
ton

25
20
80 d s

25 25
n
Syivite
Sa

20

30
15

20

ite
70

lt

15
e

Sa

om
n Trona

25
0
to

15

ol
es

D
5
60 m
Li

15

20
10
5 e
ri t e
lit 15
0

yd

ha
nh

oly
50 10
0 A

5 P
0

5
0

0
40
0 10 20 30 40
Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
 Sonic-Neutron (CNL), Fresh Mud
Well “X” Quartz Calcite Dolomite GR < 30 GR > 80

S-N Plot with GR 120

110

• Shaliness 100

• Optimistic porosity

Sonic slowness, ms/ft

90
• Lithology OK
• HC effect slight 80

70

60

50

40
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Neutron, apparent LS pu
Sonic-Density Crossplots
Density-Sonic Response
Field Lines Only
Poor lithology Qtz Calcite Dolomite
and porosity 2

2.1
Useful for
2.2

- Vsh 2.3

- Evaporites 2.4

Density
2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3
40 60 80 100
Sonic DT
 Well “X” Sonic-Density
Density-Sonic Response
Qtz Calcite Dolomite GR < 30 GR > 90
Clean points cover
40 60 80 100
all lines 2

Shale point distinct 2.1

2.2

2.3

Density 2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

Sonic DT
 Sonic-Density Vsh
Density-Sonic Response
Qtz Calcite Dolomite GR < 30 GR > 90
Locate shale and
clean 40 60 80 100
2
Grid to give Vsh 2.1

2.2 Vsh = 0
2.3

2.4
Vsh = 1
Density

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

Sonic DT
Three Measurement Crossplots

Used when three porosity logging tools have

been run
For lithology only
Three types
- Density-Neutron-Sonic (M-N plot)
- Density-Neutron-Sonic (MID plot)
- Density-Neutron-Pe (Umaa - maa plot)
 MID Plots 1.9
Principle 2.0 n e
sto
2.1 a nd
Litho lines S

ne
Bulk density (Mg/m3 or g/cc)

to
es
- Three of many 2.2

m
Li
2.3
- Each line diff litho b= 2.30, n = 21
•

ite
Line definition 2.4

m
lo
– Use endpoint 2.5

Do
location
2.6
– Value of b for = 0

0
2.7 maa= 2.68
– Called maa
0
• Example 2.8
0

Logs show b= 2.30, n 2.9 rit

e
yd

= 21
nh
0
A

3.0
maa = 2.68 0 10 20 30 40
Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
 110
MID Plots
Field observation
Principle 100

e
ton

ton

ite
s

es
nd

lom
Lim
Sa
Litho lines 90

Do
t, Sonic transit time (s/ft)

35
- Similar to D-N
80
t = 78, n = 21
• Line definition Syivite

30
– Use endpoint 70
Trona
location

25
– Value of t for = 0 60

20
0
– Called tmaa 15
tmaa= 53
50 10
• Example
0

5
Logs show t = 78, n = 0
21 40
0 10 20 30 40
tmaa = 53 Apparent neutron porosity (lspu)
MID Plots
Principle

Three litho points

• Example
 maa = 2.68

maa
quartz
 tmaa = 53
calcite
– 50% quartz, 50% calcite

dolomite

tmaa
Calculating Δtmaa and maa

At each depth: t, band n

1. Obtain DN and SN from crossplots

Calculatemaa = (bDNfl)/(1 - DN)

3. Calculate tmaa = t(SNt)/0.7

0.7 is a constant factor