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    Pathophysiology of Copd: Prepared By: Joseph Mari Jess R. Enano

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    joyrena ochondra
    This document provides information on the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a group of respiratory disorders characterized by airway obstruction and tissue degeneration. The main causes are cigarette smoking and exposure to other pollutants. Signs include cough, sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays and spirometry. Treatment focuses on avoiding irritants, using bronchodilators and antibiotics for infections. Nursing care includes positioning, breathing exercises, medication administration and supplemental oxygen.

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    Pathophysiology of Copd: Prepared By: Joseph Mari Jess R. Enano

    Uploaded by

    joyrena ochondra
    131 views20 pages
    This document provides information on the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a group of respiratory disorders characterized by airway obstruction and tissue degeneration. The main causes are cigarette smoking and exposure to other pollutants. Signs include cough, sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays and spirometry. Treatment focuses on avoiding irritants, using bronchodilators and antibiotics for infections. Nursing care includes positioning, breathing exercises, medication administration and supplemental oxygen.

    Original Title

    COPD

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    This document provides information on the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a group of respiratory disorders characterized by airway obstruction and tissue degeneration. The main causes are cigarette smoking and exposure to other pollutants. Signs include cough, sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays and spirometry. Treatment focuses on avoiding irritants, using bronchodilators and antibiotics for infections. Nursing care includes positioning, breathing exercises, medication administration and supplemental oxygen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    131 views20 pages

    Pathophysiology of Copd: Prepared By: Joseph Mari Jess R. Enano

    Uploaded by

    joyrena ochondra
    This document provides information on the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It defines COPD as a group of respiratory disorders characterized by airway obstruction and tissue degeneration. The main causes are cigarette smoking and exposure to other pollutants. Signs include cough, sputum production, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like chest X-rays and spirometry. Treatment focuses on avoiding irritants, using bronchodilators and antibiotics for infections. Nursing care includes positioning, breathing exercises, medication administration and supplemental oxygen.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    OF COPD
    PREPARED BY: JOSEPH MARI JESS R. ENANO
    CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
    PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
    ◦SOMETIMES ALSO CALLED CHRONIC
    OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE (COLD),
    IS A GROUP OF COMMON CHRONIC
    RESPIRATORY DISORDERS THAT ARE
    CHARACTERIZED BY PROGRESSIVE
    TISSUE DEGENERATION AND
    OBSTRUCTION IN THE AIRWAYS OF THE
    LUNGS.
    ETIOLOGY
    ◦ CIGARETTE SMOKING IS IMPLICATED IN MOST
    CASES OF COPD. HOWEVER, A GENETIC FACTOR
    CONTRIBUTES TO EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE
    DISEASE IN NON-SMOKERS. EXPOSURE TO OTHER
    AIR POLLUTANTS ALSO PREDISPOSES TO COPD
    CHANGES, WHICH MAY DEVELOP IN CONJUCTION
    WITH OTHER CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES SUCH AS
    EMPHYSEMA AND CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    SCHEMATIC
    DIAGRAM
    CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
    ◦ COUGH WITH SPUTUM PRODUCTION
    ◦ WHEEZING
    ◦ SHORTNESS OF BREATH
    ◦ PROLONG EXPIRATION
    ◦ DECREASE EXERCISE TOLERANCE
    ◦ CYANOSIS AND PERIPHERAL EDEMA (BLUE
    BLOATER)
    SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
    Other signs and symptoms of COPD may include:
    •Shortness of breath, especially during physical activities
    •Wheezing
    •Chest tightness
    •Having to clear your throat first thing in the morning,
    due to excess mucus in your lungs
    •A chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum)
    that may be clear, white, yellow or greenish
    •Blueness of the lips or fingernail beds (cyanosis)
    •Frequent respiratory
    •Lack of energyinfections
    •Unintended weight loss (in later stages)
    •Swelling in ankles, feet or legs
    Diagnosis:
    ◦ COPD is commonly misdiagnosed — former
    smokers may sometimes be told they have COPD,
    when in reality they may have simple
    deconditioning or another less common lung
    condition. Likewise, many people who have COPD
    may not be diagnosed until the disease is advanced
    and interventions are less effective.
    ◦To diagnose your condition, your doctor will
    review your signs and symptoms, discuss your
    family and medical history, and discuss any
    exposure you've had to lung irritants — especially
    cigarette smoke. Your doctor may order several
    tests to diagnose your condition.
    DIAGNOSTIC TEST
    ◦ CHEST X-RAY
    ◦ PULMONARY FUNCTION TEST
    ◦ SPIROMETRY
    TREATMENT
    ◦ AVOIDANCE OF RESPIRATORY IRRITANTS AND
    SOURCES OF RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
    ◦ USE OF EXPECTORANTS BRONCHODILATORS AND
    APPROPRIATE CHEST THERAPY
    ◦ IMMUNIZATION AGAINST INFLUENZA AND
    PNEUMONIA
    PROGNOSIS
    ◦Approximately 12 million people in the United States
    have a diagnosis of COPD. However, it’s estimated
    that 24 million people may have the disease without
    knowing it. At this time, COPD is the third leading
    cause of death. While there’s no cure for COPD,
    treatment options are available.
    Nursing Diagnosis:
    ◦ Impaired Gas Exchange related to decreased lung
    compliance and altered level of consciousness as
    evidence by dyspnea on exertion, decreased oxygen
    content, decreased oxygen saturation, and increased
    PCO2.
    NURSING INTERVENTION
    ◦ ASSIST PATIENT TO ASSUME POSITION OF
    COMFORT
    ◦ KEEP ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION TO A
    MINIMUM
    ◦ ENCOURAGE OR ASSIST PATIENT WITH PURSUED
    LIP BREATHING EXERCISE
    ◦ ADMINISTER MEDICATION AS PRESCRIBED
    ◦ PROVIDE SUPPLEMENTAL HUMIDIFICATION
    THANK YOU!

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