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    Demography: Unit VII

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    Aparna Kingini
    Demography is the statistical study of human populations and involves analyzing population size, distribution, structure, and changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration. Key aspects of demography include indicators like birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy that provide information on population change. Demography examines populations at all levels from local to global and seeks to understand both natural changes in populations as well as those influenced by human migration.

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    Demography: Unit VII

    Uploaded by

    Aparna Kingini
    54 views23 pages
    Demography is the statistical study of human populations and involves analyzing population size, distribution, structure, and changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration. Key aspects of demography include indicators like birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy that provide information on population change. Demography examines populations at all levels from local to global and seeks to understand both natural changes in populations as well as those influenced by human migration.

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    Demography is the statistical study of human populations and involves analyzing population size, distribution, structure, and changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration. Key aspects of demography include indicators like birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy that provide information on population change. Demography examines populations at all levels from local to global and seeks to understand both natural changes in populations as well as those influenced by human migration.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    54 views23 pages

    Demography: Unit VII

    Uploaded by

    Aparna Kingini
    Demography is the statistical study of human populations and involves analyzing population size, distribution, structure, and changes over time due to births, deaths, and migration. Key aspects of demography include indicators like birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy that provide information on population change. Demography examines populations at all levels from local to global and seeks to understand both natural changes in populations as well as those influenced by human migration.

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    of 23

    demography

    Unit vii
    ETYMOLOGY
    • 1. DEMOS - People.

    • 2. GRAPHO - To write.

    • The word was coined by


    JOHN GRUNT
    ETYMOLOGY
    • 1. DEMOS - People.

    • 2. GRAPHO - To write.

    • The word was coined by


    JOHN GRUNT
    DEFINITION
    • Demography is the "study of
    human populations in relation to
    the changes brought about by the
    interplay of births, deaths, and
    migration" PRESSAT
    DEFINITION
    • "Demography is the
    statistical description and
    analysis of human
    population". - WRONG
    • Demography is the "statistical and
    mathematical study of the size,
    composition and spatial
    distribution of human populations,
    and of the changes over time, in
    these aspects through the
    operation of the five processess of
    fertility, mortality, marriage,
    migration and social mobility" -
    BOGUE
    CONCEPT & SCOPE
    • Demography is the branch of
    social size, structure, which deals
    with the study of size, structure
    and distribution of populations,
    along with the spatial and temporal
    changes in them in response to
    birth, migration, ageing and death.
    DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS : (Eg)
    • Crude Birth Rate. (CBR)

    • General Fertitlity Rate. (GFR)

    • Crude Death Rate. (CDR)

    • Infant Mortality Rate. (IMR)


    • Life expectancy. (LE)

    • Total Fertility Rate. (TFR)

    • Gross Reproduction Rate.(GRR)

    • Net Reproduction Rate. (NRR)


    SCOPE OF DEMOGRAPHY
    • Demography is the science of
    population. In it's most general
    meaning, a population is a set of
    people who live in a specific land
    area : a commune, a district, a
    country or a continent,etc.
    • A formal demography is concerned
    with the size, distribution,
    structure and changes of
    population
    SIZE
    • Is the number of units (inhabitants)
    in the population
    DISTRIBUTION
    • Is the arrangement of the
    population at a given time,
    geographically or among various
    types of residential areas.
    STUCTURE
    • Is the distribution of characteristics
    such as age, gender groups etc
    among the population.

    • Additional characteristics of the


    uinits such as marital status,
    occupation educational level, ethnic
    characteristics, socio economic
    status etc.
    CHANGE
    • Is the increase or decrease
    of the total population or of
    the one of it's structural
    units.
    NARROW SCOPE
    • Population is constantly
    changing over time.

    • The components of change in a


    population are births, deaths
    and migration.
    • Thus one generation will be
    replaced by another younger
    generation by birth and
    death process.

    • This is a natural change


    or demographic
    reproduction.
    BROADER SCOPE
    • The broader scope of
    demographic reproduction
    includes migration. It
    means the
    movement of people from
    place to place.

    • Migration has great influence


    on population change.
    • Within a country or an area, this
    movement does not affect the total
    size of the population.

    • It changes the structure of the


    population and area as well as the
    living conditions of immigrants and
    out-migrants.
    • This process may also influence
    the behaviour of the
    inhabitants, especially out
    migrants.

    • Migrations have great influence on


    population change.
    • A balancing equation of population
    change in time that involves the
    relationship between birth, death
    and migration is as follows.
    • P1 = P0 + (B - D) + (I - O):
    • where, P1 & P0 : Population at the
    ending & begening point.
    • B = # of Births in a period.
    • D = # of Deaths in a period.
    • I = # of In - migrants.
    • O = # 0f Out - migrants
    DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE

    • Demography cycle has five stages:


    • HIGH STATIONARY.
    • EARLY EXPANDING.
    • LATE EXPANDING.
    • LOW STATIONARY.
    • DECLINING.
    DEMOGRAPHY CYCLE
    HIGH STATIONARY.

    EARLY EXPANDING.

    DEMOGRAPHY LATE EXPANDING.


    CYCLE

    LOW STATIONARY.

    DECLINING.
    DEMOGRAPHY CYCLE
    High Birth Rate
    HIGH STATIONARY. High Death Rate

    EARLY EXPANDING. Unchanged Birth Rate


    Decline Death Rate

    LATE EXPANDING. Fall in Birth Rate


    Death Rate further

    LOW STATIONARY. Low Birth Rate


    Low Death Rate

    DECLINING. Birth rate lower than


    Death Rate

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