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    L2 - Phasor Algebra or Complex Numbers

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    JOVEN M. BALTAZAR
    This document discusses phasor algebra and complex numbers. It provides: 1) An overview of phasor diagrams and phasor algebra, noting that phasor algebra uses algebraic representations of phasors that allow for quicker solutions in AC circuits compared to phasor diagrams. 2) Notations and representations of phasors using rectangular coordinates, including rotating phasors by 90, 180, 270, and 360 degrees. 3) Mathematical representations of phasors in rectangular, trigonometric, polar, and exponential forms. 4) Examples of operations on phasors like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and roots.

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    L2 - Phasor Algebra or Complex Numbers

    Uploaded by

    JOVEN M. BALTAZAR
    44 views11 pages
    This document discusses phasor algebra and complex numbers. It provides: 1) An overview of phasor diagrams and phasor algebra, noting that phasor algebra uses algebraic representations of phasors that allow for quicker solutions in AC circuits compared to phasor diagrams. 2) Notations and representations of phasors using rectangular coordinates, including rotating phasors by 90, 180, 270, and 360 degrees. 3) Mathematical representations of phasors in rectangular, trigonometric, polar, and exponential forms. 4) Examples of operations on phasors like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and roots.

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    PHASOR ALGEBRA

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    This document discusses phasor algebra and complex numbers. It provides: 1) An overview of phasor diagrams and phasor algebra, noting that phasor algebra uses algebraic representations of phasors that allow for quicker solutions in AC circuits compared to phasor diagrams. 2) Notations and representations of phasors using rectangular coordinates, including rotating phasors by 90, 180, 270, and 360 degrees. 3) Mathematical representations of phasors in rectangular, trigonometric, polar, and exponential forms. 4) Examples of operations on phasors like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and roots.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views11 pages

    L2 - Phasor Algebra or Complex Numbers

    Uploaded by

    JOVEN M. BALTAZAR
    This document discusses phasor algebra and complex numbers. It provides: 1) An overview of phasor diagrams and phasor algebra, noting that phasor algebra uses algebraic representations of phasors that allow for quicker solutions in AC circuits compared to phasor diagrams. 2) Notations and representations of phasors using rectangular coordinates, including rotating phasors by 90, 180, 270, and 360 degrees. 3) Mathematical representations of phasors in rectangular, trigonometric, polar, and exponential forms. 4) Examples of operations on phasors like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and roots.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    COMPLEX NUMBER / PHASOR ALGEBRA

    PREPARED BY ENGR. JOVEN BALTAZAR


    PHASOR DIAGRAM AND PHASOR
    ALGEBRA
    Phasor Diagram is a graphical
    representation of the phasors (i.e.
    voltages and currents) of an ac circuit
    and may not yield quick results in case
    of complex circuits

    Phasor Algebra / Complex Algebra


    is mathematical technique that used
    for phasors in algebraic form. It is a
    simple and powerful tool for obtaining
    quick solution in ac circuits.
    NOTATION OF PHASORS ON RECTANGULAR
    COORDINATE AXIS
      SUCCESSIVE MULTIPLICATION OF

    1. 90 degrees rotation from OX axis


    2. 180 degrees rotation from OX axis
    3. 270 degrees rotation from OX axis
    4. 360 degrees rotation from OX axis

    POINTS TO BE NOTED :

    • is an operator which rotates the phasor through 90 degrees in CCW direction


    without changing the magnitude of the phasor.

    • The operator occurs with the phasor only when it is along Y-axis (see the fig.)
    Thus when the phasor is along OY-axis, it is V and when along OY′-axis, it is -
    V. The phasor lying along X-axis is not associated with .

    • Since and its value cannot be determined, it is called an imaginary number. For
    this reason, any phasor (or its component) associated with is called the
    imaginary part. A phasor (or its component) along X-axis is not associated with
    j and is called the real part.
    NOTATION OF PHASORS ON RECTANGULAR
    COORDINATE AXIS
     
    SIGNIFICANCE of
    1. The quantity a + b is called a complex number or complex
    quantity. It is because it consists of a real component (a) and
    an imaginary component (b). NOTE
      : bold-faced letters (e.g. V, I etc.)
    will be used to represent the phasor
    2. To call the component lying along Y-axis (i.e. the completely, including both magnitude and
    component associated with or ) as imaginary merely because direction. However, only the magnitude of
    the phasor will be represented by the same
    the value of cannot be determined is really *unfortunate. The letter in the ordinary type (e.g. V, I etc.).
    so-called imaginary components can be represented However, while representing a phasor in
    graphically on the Y-axis just as real components can be writing, a dot or arrowhead may be used.
    represented on the X-axis. Electrical engineers rightly call e.g. V may be written as or
    the horizontal and vertical components as in-phase and
    quadrature components, respectively.
    MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF PHASORS

    1. Rectangular form

      2. Trigonometric Form.

    Where:
    and
    MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF PHASORS

    3. Polar form

      4. Exponential form (Euler’s Identity)

    Where:
    Real Part : Re {
    Imaginary Part : Im {
    PROBLEM SOLVING
     
    1. Express the polar form of voltage V = 50 ∠ 36.87° V in trigonometrical
    and rectangular forms.

    2. Express the following in polar form (a) 3 + 7 , (b) –2 + 5 , (c) –50 – 75


    and, (d) 6 – 8.

    3. A phasor is represented by 20. Write the equivalent trigonometrical,


    rectangular and polar forms.
    OPERATIONS OF PHASORS
     Given :

    Addition
    Subtraction
    Multiplication ()

    Division
    Powers
    Powers (De
    (De Moivre’s
    Moivre’s Theorem
    Theorem for
    for Powers)
    Powers)
    =
    Roots
    Roots (De
    (De Moivre’s
    Moivre’s Theorem
    Theorem for
    for Roots)
    Roots) where : k = 0, 1, 2, …, (n -1)

    Conjugate
    Conjugate
    PROBLEM SOLVING
     
    1. Two current phasors are given in the rectangular form as = (15 + 10) A
    and = (12 + 6) A. Perform the operation (a) and (b) .

    2. Determine the resultant voltage of two sinusoidal generators in series


    whose voltages are = 25 ∠15° V and = 15∠60° V.

    3. Given two currents 10 sin (t + /4) and = 5 cos(t – ), find the rms value
    of using the complex number representation.
    PROBLEM SOLVING
     
    4. Two phasors are given in the following form : = (4 + 3) V ; = (5 + 6)
    V. Evaluate and in (a) rectangular form (b) polar form.
    5. A current phasor is given by = 64 ∠ 30° A. Find (a) , (b) (c) (d)
    and (e)
    EXERCISES

     
    The following three phasors are given : A = 5 + 10 ; B = 50 ∠
    30° ; C = 4 + 4 Perform the following indicated operations :

    a) A+B e) (BC/A)*
    b) A–B f)
    c) AB / C g)
    d) AC / B

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