Module 1:

Identifying the
Nature of Inquiry
and Research
Prepared by: Mr. Benedict B. Diaz
Lesson 1: Inquiry vs. Research
Learning Objectives:

• Explain the meaning of research in relation

to inquiry
• Point out the similarities and differences of
research and inquiry
• Distinguish lower-level questions from top-
level questions to give stress to investigative
kind of thinking
• judge the applicability of inquiry or
research to a given situation
Activity: Acrostic Writing
What reminds you when Example:
you hear the word R - esponse I - nvestigate
“Inquire”? How about E - stablish N - otes
S - cientific Q - uestion
“research”?
E - mpirical U - nderstand
A - ctivity I - nference
Using an acrostic writing, R - epeat R - ead
C - ritical E - xplore
list all words that you can H - ow
think of with the words
“Inquire” and “Research.”
 Research Inquiry

Research is a scientific,
experimental, or inductive
manner of thinking, starting Inquiry is the act of looking
from particular to more for information by asking
complex ideas in which one various questions about
executes varied thinking the thing you are curious
acts that range from lower- about.
order to higher-order
thinking strategies
(Baraceros, 2016)
 Research Inquiry

Research requires one to

engage in a top-level Inquiry , a term that is
thinking strategies of synonymous with the word
interpreting, analyzing, “investigation,” is the
synthesizing, criticizing, process of understanding
appreciating, or creating to things that inspires to
enable to discover truths create, construct, or
about the many things you produce things for the
tend to wonder about the betterment of not only one's
topic of your research work
life (Baraceros, 2016)
(Litchman 2013)
How do we do inquiry?
1. Investigating or
asking questions
about something you
are inquisitive about
How do we do inquiry?
2. Collect data,
meaning, facts, and
information about the
object of your inquiry
and examine such data
carefully.
How do we do inquiry?
3. Execute varied thinking
strategies that range from
lower-order to higher-order
thinking skills (inferential,
critical, integrative, and
creative thinking)
Foundations of Inquiry
1. John Dewey’s
theory of
connected
experiences for
exploratory and
reflexive thinking.
Foundations of Inquiry
“We only think
when we are
confronted in a
problem.”
- John Dewey
Foundations of Inquiry
2. Lev Vygotsky’s
Zones of Proximal
Development (ZPD)
that stresses the
essence of
provocation and
scaffolding in
learning.
Foundations of Inquiry
“Through others
we become
ourselves.”
- Lev Vygotsky
Foundations of Inquiry
3. Jerome Bruner’s
theory on learners’
varied world
perceptions for their
own interpretative
thinking of people
and things around
them.
Foundations of Inquiry
“The essence of
creativity is figuring out
how to use what you
already know in order
to go beyond what you
already think.”
- Jerome Bruner
How can we say a Research is a Research?
Characteristics of Research
1. Empirical. Research is based on
direct experience or observation
by the researcher.
2. Logical. Research is based on
valid procedures and principles.
Source: Calmorin and Calmorin, Research Methods and Thesis Writing.
Characteristics of Research
3. Cyclical. Research is a cyclical process
because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.
4. Analytical. Research utilizes proven
analytical procedures in gathering the
data, whether historical, descriptive, and
experimental and case study.
Source: Calmorin and Calmorin, Research Methods and Thesis Writing.
Characteristics of Research
5. Critical. Research exhibits careful
and precise judgment.
6. Methodical. Research is conducted
in a methodical manner without bias
using systematic method and
procedures.
Source: Calmorin and Calmorin, Research Methods and Thesis Writing.
Characteristics of Research
7. Replicability. The research design
and procedures are replicated or
repeated to enable the researcher to
arrive at valid and conclusive results.

Source: Calmorin and Calmorin, Research Methods and Thesis Writing.

Is Research
important?
Purposes of Research
1. To learn how to work
independently
2. To learn how to work
scientifically or
systematically
3. To have an in-depth
knowledge of something
Purposes of Research
4. To elevate your mental
abilities
5. To improve your reading and
writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic
tools of research and the various
techniques of gathering data and
of presenting research findings
Purposes of Research
7. To free yourself from the
domination or strong influence
of a single textbook or the
professor’s lone viewpoint or
spoon feeding.
How do we do a Research?
 Process of Research
1. Select a general
problem.
2. Review the literature
of the problem.
3. Select a specific
research problem,
question, or hypothesis.
 Process of Research
4. Collect data.
5. Analyze and present
or display data.
6. Interpret the findings
and state conclusions or
generalizations
regarding the problem
 What are the
different types
of Research?
Types of Research
1. According to Research Methods
A. Pure Research – deals with
concepts, principles, or abstract
things. It aims to increase your
knowledge about something.
Types of Research
1. According to Research Methods
B. Applied Research – to apply your
chosen research to societal problems
or issues, finding ways to make
positive changes in society.
Types of Research
2. According to Research Purpose
A. Descriptive Research – defining or
giving portrayal or picture of a
person , thing, event, group,
situation, etc.
Types of Research
2. According to Research Purpose
B. Correlational Research – shows
relationships or connectedness of
two factors, circumstances, or agents
called variables that affect the
research.
Types of Research
2. According to Research Purpose
C. Explanatory Research – elaborates
or explains not just the reasons
behind the relationship of two factors
but also the way which such
relationships exists.
Types of Research
2. According to Research Purpose
D. Exploratory Research – to find out
how reasonable or possible it is to
conduct a research study on a certain
topic.
Types of Research
2. According to Research Purpose
E. Action Research – an ongoing
practice of a school, organization,
community or institution for the
purpose of obtaining results that will
bring improvements in the system.
Types of Research
3. According to Research Data
A. Qualitative Research – requires non-
numerical data to express the results,
the inquiry of the investigation about
people’s thoughts, beliefs, feelings,
views, and lifestyles regarding the
object of the study.
Types of Research
3. According to Research Data
B. Quantitative Research – involves
measurement of data. It presents
research findings referring to the
number of frequency of something in
numerical forms (percentages, fractions,
numbers)
Research Data
A. Primary Data – are obtained through
direct observation or contact with
people, objects, artifacts, paintings,
etc. They are new and original
information resulting from your
sensory experience.
Research Data
B. Secondary Data – data which have
already been written about or
reported on and are available for
reading purposes.
How can we deal with research?
Approaches on Research
A. Scientific or Positive
Approach – discover and
measure information as well as
observe and control variables in
an impersonal manner. It allows
control of variables.
Approaches on Research
b. Naturalistic Approach – uses
words to express data. These are
data that express truths about the
way people perceive or
understand the world.
Approaches on Research
c. Triangulation Approach –
combining scientific and
naturalistic approach. You are
free to gather and analyze data
using multiple methods. It gives
you opportunity to view every
angle of the research from
different perspectives.
 Group Work # 1
DIRECTIONS: In a pair, conduct a research or an inquiry
about the given topics below through finding problems in
the following topics:
• Philippine Government on the fight against COVID-19
• DepEd on the imposition of Online Learning
• Congress on the ABS-CBN Shutdown
• The Anti-Terror Law in the Philippines
• Harry Roque as the Presidential's Spokesperson