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1-7-Conditional Statements in Java

This document discusses conditional statements in Java including if, if-else, if-else-if, nested if, and switch statements. It provides examples of how each statement directs program flow based on conditions. The key points are: 1) Conditional statements allow program flow to be directed based on conditions rather than following sequential order. 2) If statements check a condition and execute a block of code if true. If-else adds a false block. If-else-if has multiple conditions. 3) Nested if statements place if statements within each other to further direct flow. 4) Switch statements handle multiple possible outcomes using case labels rather than chained if/else blocks.

Uploaded by

Ashwini KS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
118 views

1-7-Conditional Statements in Java

This document discusses conditional statements in Java including if, if-else, if-else-if, nested if, and switch statements. It provides examples of how each statement directs program flow based on conditions. The key points are: 1) Conditional statements allow program flow to be directed based on conditions rather than following sequential order. 2) If statements check a condition and execute a block of code if true. If-else adds a false block. If-else-if has multiple conditions. 3) Nested if statements place if statements within each other to further direct flow. 4) Switch statements handle multiple possible outcomes using case labels rather than chained if/else blocks.

Uploaded by

Ashwini KS
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 44

Conditional

statements
JAVA

By,

Ashwini K S
Introduction

– Programs is a set statements or instructions.


– When the execute command is issued , the control reaches the first line of
program .
– It keeps executing the statements one by one till the end.
– The movement of control from one line to another is known as ‘Flow control’
– The flow of control is maintained in the following ways.
– Normal flow of control.
– Conditional flow of control.
Normal flow of control

– The normal flow of control among statements is sequential, proceeding from


one statement to the next.

Program
{
………………………..
………………………..
…………………………
Flow of control
………………………..
………………………..
……………………….
}
Conditional flow of control

– A set of statements that are grouped together in a program are known as a


block.
– During execution it may happen that we want to execute a block by ignoring
another block base on the given condition.
– In such situation the control is diverted and sent to the block of code we want
to execute.
– It is known as conditional flow of control.
Conditional flow of control

Program
{
………………………..
Statement 2
………………………..
…………………………
Flow of control
………………………..
………………………..
Statements 6
……………………….
}
If constructs

– The if constructs are used to direct the flow of control to the block of code that
is to be executed.
– There 4 types of if statements
– If statement(simple if)
– If-else statement
– If-else-if statement
– Nested if statement
If statement

– If statement checks for the condition first.


– If the condition is true, it executes a block of statements. this block is usually called
true block
– If the condition is false, it just ignores the true block and continues executing reaming
statements of program.
– If there are more than one statement in the block then they should be written within
the curly brackets.
– Example :
if (a>10)
c=a*a
Sytem.out.println(c);
If-else statement

– In this statement there will be 2 blocks of code. One is true block and another is
false block.
– If the condition is true then true block will be executed.
– If the condition is false then the false block will be executed.
– Example:
if (a>b)
System.out.println( “a is greater”);
else
System.out.println(“b is greater”);
If - else-if statement

– In this there will be multiple conditions


– There will be multiple blocks of code.
– Upon the conditions result, any one of the blocks will be executed.
– Example: greatest of 3 numbers
if (a>b)
{ if(a>c)
system.out.println(“ a is greater”);
else
Syetm.out.prinln(“ c is greater “); }
elseif(b>c)
system.out.println(“b is greater”);
else
system.out.println(“c is greater”);
Nested if statement

– When if statement is used within another if statement , then the construct is


said to be nested if statement.
– In this if the condition is true then the control flows to another condition and it
goes on..
Nested if statement-example

If (marks>35)
{
if(marks>59)
{
if (marks>84)
System.out.println(“ Distinction”);
else
System.ou.println(“First class”);
}
else
System.out.println(“ Second class”);
}
else
System.out.println(“Fail”);
Unusual termination of a program

– Sometimes we may need terminate the execution of a function, even if the


code can be executed.
– sometimes we may expect run time errors like divide by zero or trying to find
square root of a negative number.
– In such situations , to make program error free , we check in advance for the
possible errors .
– It there is a chance of getting error , then we stop executing that function and
return back to main program.
– To do so we use System.exit(0)
Example-1

System.out.println(“enter a number “);


n= in.nextInt();
If(n<0)
{
System.out.println(“It is a negative number”);
System.ou.println(“The program terminates”);
System.exit(0);
}
Sqt=Math.sqrt(n);
System.out.println(“Squar root of “+n+”=“+sqt);
  Example 2- compute y in the expression

System.out.println(“Enter the value of a and b”);


a=in.nextInt();
b=in.nextInt();
If ((a-b)==0)
{
System.out.println(“Division by zero is not possible. Program terminates”);
System.exit(0);
}
y=(a+b)/(a-b);
System.out.println(“ Y=“+y);
Switch Statement

Unlike if statement, if there are multiple blocks in any case , then switch case
statement has to be used to handle this multi branching flow of control.

n4

Op
o

tio
ti
Op

n2
Option 1 J Option 2
Option 1 J Option 4
Syntax

switch(n) Control variable


{ switch(n)
case 1: // code block {
break; Break statement case 1: // code block
case 2: // code block -----------------
break; case 2: // code block No break
statement
case n: // code block ------------------
break; default: // code block Fall through
default: // code block Default case }
}
Terms related to switch statement

– Control Variable: it is the variable passed as an argument.


– Break statement : This statement is used to exit from the switch case.
– Default statement : If no case is matched then the switch block will executed
the default case.
Working of switch statement

– The variable used in a switch statement can only be integers, convertible


integers (byte, short, char), strings and enums.
– You can have any number of case statements within a switch. Each case is
followed by the value to be compared to and a colon.
– The value for a case must be the same data type as the variable in the switch
and it must be a constant or a literal.
– When the variable being switched on is equal to a case, the statements
following that case will execute until a break statement is reached.
Working of switch statement

– When a break statement is reached, the switch terminates, and the flow of


control jumps to the next line following the switch statement.
– Not every case needs to contain a break. If no break appears, the flow of control
will fall through to subsequent cases until a break is reached.
– A switch statement can have an optional default case, which must appear at the
end of the switch. The default case can be used for performing a task when
none of the cases is true. No break is needed in the default case.
– Test example: https://
compiler.javatpoint.com/opr/test.jsp?filename=SwitchMonthExample
References

– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdAMIOVOGLo
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XYlifs5oPaQ

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