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    Unit - 2: Cad & Reverse Engineering

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    rajesh
    Reverse engineering is the process of generating a CAD model from an existing physical part. It involves digitizing the part to capture its dimensions and geometric features. This data is then used to recreate the CAD model. There are contact-based methods that use tools like CMM to collect point data and non-contact methods like 3D scanning that use light or lasers. 3D scanning works by capturing a point cloud of the surface which is then aligned and processed to reconstruct the digital 3D model. The model can then be used for redesign, manufacturing replacement parts, or other applications.

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    Unit - 2: Cad & Reverse Engineering

    Uploaded by

    rajesh
    85 views33 pages
    Reverse engineering is the process of generating a CAD model from an existing physical part. It involves digitizing the part to capture its dimensions and geometric features. This data is then used to recreate the CAD model. There are contact-based methods that use tools like CMM to collect point data and non-contact methods like 3D scanning that use light or lasers. 3D scanning works by capturing a point cloud of the surface which is then aligned and processed to reconstruct the digital 3D model. The model can then be used for redesign, manufacturing replacement parts, or other applications.

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    Reverse engineering is the process of generating a CAD model from an existing physical part. It involves digitizing the part to capture its dimensions and geometric features. This data is then used to recreate the CAD model. There are contact-based methods that use tools like CMM to collect point data and non-contact methods like 3D scanning that use light or lasers. 3D scanning works by capturing a point cloud of the surface which is then aligned and processed to reconstruct the digital 3D model. The model can then be used for redesign, manufacturing replacement parts, or other applications.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    85 views33 pages

    Unit - 2: Cad & Reverse Engineering

    Uploaded by

    rajesh
    Reverse engineering is the process of generating a CAD model from an existing physical part. It involves digitizing the part to capture its dimensions and geometric features. This data is then used to recreate the CAD model. There are contact-based methods that use tools like CMM to collect point data and non-contact methods like 3D scanning that use light or lasers. 3D scanning works by capturing a point cloud of the surface which is then aligned and processed to reconstruct the digital 3D model. The model can then be used for redesign, manufacturing replacement parts, or other applications.

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    UNIT - 2

    CAD & REVERSE ENGINEERING


    Basic concept
    • Reverse Engineering (RE) is the process of
    generating a Computer Aided Design
    (CAD)model from an existing physical part.
    • It enables the reconstruction of an object by
    capturing the component's physical dimensions
    and geometrical features .
    • The main aim of reverse engineering is to
    reduce manufacturing costs of the new
    product, making it competitive in market.
    Need for Reverse Engineering
    • Manufacture of service components after
    discontinuation of the product line.
    • Redesign of an existing design which lacks
    adequate product data documentation.
    • Corrupt data file or loss of CAD design for a
    product.
    • Generation of cheaper alternate products as a
    substitute for monopoly products.
    Digitizing
    • Collecting data from physical part.
    • Used when drawing of object is not available.
    • Aim is to generate a 3D mapping of the
    product in the form of CAD file.
    • This requires acquisition of surface data,
    which is large number of points on the product
    surface.

    4
    Digitization techniques

    Non-contact reverse engineering digitization


    Techniques

    Contact reverse engineering digitization


    Techniques
    Digitization techniques
    Contact method Non contact method
    • Requires contact between • Uses light as the main tool
    the component surface & a • Uses white light or laser
    measuring tool. scanners to scan 3D objects
    • Uses Coordinate Measuring to generate CAD design.
    Machine (CMM),
    electromagnetic digitizer or
    sonic digitizers to get
    desired coordinates.

    6
    REVERSE ENGINEERING
    CONTACT BASED
    • Contact based methods of reverse engineering
    have been available for nearly 40 years.
    • The first method of reverse engineering to be
    introduced was the coordinate measuring
    machine (CMM)
    • A CMM gives physical representation of a three
    dimensional Cartesian coordinate system
    Types of CMM Configurations
    1. Cantilever Type
    2. Bridge Type
    3. Column Type
    4. Gantry Type
    5. Horizontal Arm Type
    Cantilever Type
    Bridge Type
    Column Type
    Gantry Type
    Horizontal Type
    Noncontact Inspection Techniques
    Uses a sensor or probe located a certain distance away
    from the object being measured or gaged
    • Two categories:
    Optical – uses light to accomplish the inspection
    Non-optical - uses energy form other than light

    • Advantages of noncontact inspection:


    Avoids possible damage to surface of object
    Inherently faster than contact inspection
    Can often be accomplished in production without
    additional part handling
    Increased opportunity for 100% inspection
    Optical Inspection Method- Machine Vision
    • It is the creation of image and the collection of data derived
    from the image and subsequent processing and interpretation
    od data by a computer from useful application.
    • It is also known as computer vision
    • Machine vision exists in 2D & 3D format with 2D being most
    common in industrial application.

    • Machine vision has 3 functions:


     Image acquisition and digitization
     Image processing and analysis
     Interpretation
    Optical Inspection Method- Machine Vision
    • Image acquisition and digitization
     It is performed by deploying a video camera to capture the image and
    use digitizing system to store image data for subsequent analysis.
     The camera is focused upon surface of item of interest and image
    consists of discrete pixel elements is captured by viewing area.
     Each pixel value has value proportional to light intensity of portion of
    scene.
     The intensity value of each pixel is converted into digital value by
    analog to digital converter.
    • Image processing and analysis
     A number of technique have been developed so that data
    produced during first phase of machine vision may be processed.
     General techniques are called segmentation and feature
    extraction
    • Interpretation
     Interpretation of the image is concerned with recognizing
    the object recognition, and/or pattern recognition.
     Two commonly-used interpretation techniques are
    Template matching:- a method whereby the features of the
    image are compared against corresponding features of a
    model or template stored in the computer memory
    Feature weighting:- technique in which several features are
    combined into a single measure by assigning a weight to each
    feature according to its relative importance in identifying the
    object, and where the resultant score is compared against an
    ideal object score stored in computer memory, to achieve
    proper identification
    Non Contact Inspection method
    Additive Manufacturing Technology
    3D SCANNING
    • 3D scanners are tri-dimensional measurement devices used to
    capture real-world objects or environments so that they can be
    remodelled or analysed in the digital world.
    • The latest generation of 3D scanners do not require contact with the
    physical object being captured.

    REAL OBJECT 3D MODEL


    Objects are usually Scanned in 3D for 2 Purpose
    1. Extracting dimensions to reconstruct a CAD reference file for
    reverse engineering or rapid prototyping.
    2. Measuring the object itself for analysis and documentation.
    It is done in application such as computer-aided inspection,
    digital archiving and computer-aided engineering analysis.
    Two Categories of Scanners

    • White light and structured light systems


    • Scan arm and portable handheld scanners
    How 3D Scanning Works
    • Scanning results are represented using free-form, unstructured
    three-dimensional data, usually in the form of a point cloud or
    a triangle mesh. Certain types of scanners also acquire color
    information for applications where this is important.
    • Images/scans are brought into a common reference system,
    where data is merged into a complete model. This process --
    called alignment or registration -- can be performed during the
    scan itself or as a post-processing step.
    • Computer software can be used to clean up scan data, filling
    holes, correcting errors and improving data quality. The
    resulting triangle mesh is typically exported as an STL FILE or
    converted to NURBS surface for CAD modelling.

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