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Zigbee Nations

Team IPA
Kirill Belyayev
Amjad Chaudhry
Arush Dhawan
Aditya Kaundinya
Bilal Yousufi
Amjad Chaudhry

Introduction/Zigbee Outline
In-Car Automation and
Monitoring System
 Sensors are placed throughout a car and
wirelessly send data back to a central
terminal
– Data displayed on LCD
– Zigbee is used to transmit and receive Data
– Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a
sensor detects something has fallen below the
threshold.
What is Zigbee?
 Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity option ideal
for low- power and low data rate applications based on the
IEEE 802.15.4 standard
 Zigbee devices may run for   several years with an original
battery because of its low power consumption.
 It works well in noisy environments, mesh networking  
 Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz
Implementation
 We will use Zigbee technology to measure different
components of a car and display the data on a main
LCD screen.
– Tire Pressure
– Temperature
– Battery Voltage
– Proximity Sensor
– Fluid Sensor
 If any of the sensors detect a critical level our
system will be used to provide audio/visual
warnings to the driver.
Implementation
The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to:
 Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration.  We send one digital value
from one chip to other chip.
 Send Multiples Values and store them in some database.
 A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital
 Display the data on an LCD screen
 Our primary goal would be to make this system modular.
– For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the
system
Goals
 Minimum
– Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that
transmits data to a central terminal where it can
be displayed on a LCD
 Optimal
– Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee
Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data
can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a
LCD
Safety Increase Reliability
Motivation
Save Fuel. Increase Efficiency

 A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure


will increase fuel consumption between 10%
to 15%
 Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by
over 25%
 Proper tire inflation will also increase the
tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling.
 Other sensors will monitor the different
components of the car.
System Architecture
Parking Sensors

Fluids level Tire Pressure


Sensors Sensors

Battery
voltage Main Terminal Temperature
sensors sensors

Keypad Speaker

LCD Screen
Bilal Yousufi

Power
Physical Issues
 The Final Build will need to be hardened
against the elements such as
– Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads)
– Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature
between -20 °C to 50 °C
» Sensors should have small temperature coefficients
or will need compensated based on environmental
factors
– Waterproofed
Power System
Power Architecture for Primary
Terminal
5V LCD Screen

Buck
Car Battery
Converter

Main Terminal
3.3V
Voltage Sensor Auto-Off
Issues with using a Car Battery
 Battery Drain
– Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too
low
– Mechanical Hard Switch when not in use
 Power Surges on Car Start-Up
– Possible Solutions
» Capacitors in parallel with Battery
» UPS Connected to Battery
Development Phase Overview
 We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to
power up our system
Actual Build Overview
 The Car Battery will be the main source of
power.
 A DC-DC Converter will be used to step-
down to the appropriate voltages
 A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure
the the microchips are safe from variations
in the battery voltage, temperature, and
other environmental factors
Zigbee, Sensors, and
Microcontrollers
 Burst Transmissions
 Development Phase
– Power Adapters
 Final Build
– Main Board will be Connected to Car Battery
– Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered
by battery
Zigbee, Sensors, and
Microcontrollers
 Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues
– The Wireless Sensors that are placed
throughout the car will need an independent
power source
– Sensors’ Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA
» Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we
will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V
 Solution: Buck-Boost Converter
Kirill Belyayev

User Interface/Software
Main Terminal

MC13192 2.4 GHz


RTC (optional)
RF Data Modem

EEPROM
(optional)

MC9S08GT60 RS 232
PLD DB9
Freescale 8 bit
Serial Port

Speaker or buzzer
F-51851
(+ D/A if required)
LCD Screen

Keypad
LCD
 OPTREX F-51851
 Graphic Monochrome LCD
 240 x 64 dots
 8 bit parallel
Development Board
13192DSK-A0E
 Two 2.4 GHz wireless nodes compatible with the IEEE 802.15.4   standard         
 MC13192 2.4 GHz RF data modem           
 MC9S08GT60 low-voltage, low-power 8-bit MCU for baseband operations           
 Integrated sensors                 
 MMA6261Q 1.5g X-Y-axis accelerometer + MMA1260D 1.5g Z-axis accelerometer          
  Printed transmit-and-receive antennae          
  Onboard expansion capabilities for external application- specific development activities           
 Onboard BDM port for MCU Flash reprogramming and in- circuit hardware debugging           
 RS-232 port for monitoring and Flash programming           
 LEDs and switches for demonstration, monitoring and control           
 Connections for nine-volt battery or external power supply     
 * Hardware supports Freescale's IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and example   SMAC software    
  * Preprogrammed accelerometer demonstration and additional   downloadable sample applications     
 * Metrowerks' CodeWarrior Development Studio for HCS08 special   edition     * Includes USB HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer
(13192DSK-BDM only)       NOTE: Requires a HCS08 BDM Multilink Programmer for debug and   program capability
Development Board
Software Overview
 We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale
Semicondoctor) as our programming environment.
 The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media-
Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee
transceiver.
 We will be writing our code in the C language
with the use MAC functions.
 Code will be written for the data
transmission/collection and the user interface.
Aditya Kaundinya

Sensors
Sensors
RF
Transmitter

Micro
Controller
Built
Into
Sensor Chip
A/D

Sensor
Tire Pressure Monitoring
 Used to warn driver of below-optimal tire
pressure.
 GE – NPX-1 sensor
 Battery Supply Voltage – typically 3 V
 Digital output
 450-1400 kPa pressure range
Distance Sensor
 Used to warn driver of objects when
backing out of driveway, etc.
 IR Proximity Sensor - Sharp
GP2Y0A21YK
 4.5 V to 5.5 V operating voltage
 30 mA average current consumption
 10 cm to 80 cm range (4" to 32")
Temperature Sensor
 Can be used to automatically adjust
temperature within the car.
 Sensirion - SHT10 sensor
 Temp. accuracy: +/- 0.5°C @ 25 °C
 Calibrated & digital output (2-wire
interface)
 Low power consumption (typ. 30 µW)
Arush Dhawan

Sensors/Logistics
Voltage and Current Sensor for Battery

 A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage of a


battery connected to a load.
 A current sensor for detecting a current flowing from the
battery to the load.
 Means for collecting the voltage value detected by the
voltage sensor and the current value detected by the
current sensor every predetermined time.
 The voltage and current values are then transmitted to the
main terminal which is then displayed on the LCD screen.
 Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage becomes
low (falls below 12V)
Schedule
Division of Labor
Division of Labor
Team Members
Kirill Belyayev Amjad Chaudhry Arush Dhawan Aditya Kaundinya Bilal Yousufi
Zigbee Hardware X X X
Main Board X X
Sensor Implementation X X
Zigbee Software X X
Sensor Software X X
PCB Layout/Soldering X X
Power X X
Installation X X X X X
Budget
Part Cost Quantity Total Cost Supplier
Development Kit 350 1 350 Freescale
Tire Pressure Sensors 25 4 100 GE
Voltage Sensor 15 1 15 Freescale
Current Sensor 15 1 15 Freescale
Proximity Sensors 10 6 60 Freescale
Temperature Sensors 10 2 20 Freescale
Weather Proof Casing 10 5 50
PCB Boards 100 1 100
Misc Circuit Components 75 1 75
25W Buck Converter 35 1 35
Converters (<1W) 10 5 50
LCD 60 1 60
Keypad 30 1 30
Speaker 10 1 10
Centeral Terminal Case 10 1 10
Batteries 10 10 100
Zigbee Transceivers 10 12 120 Freescale
Zigbee Microcontrollers 6 12 72 Freescale
Total 1272.00
Remaining -272.00
Risks and Fallback Options
 Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking
experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time.
– It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology.
For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors
depending on how much time we have.
 Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication)
will take significant time to fully understand.
Extensions
 Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics)
with Zigbee
– Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in
OBD system that uses sensors all around the
car, usually only available to mechanics.
» Not a Standardized System
» Proprietary Software used to download data from
sensors.
Questions?

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