GOKARAJU RANGARAJU

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
(Autonomous)

Project Report

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
 PROJECT REPORT
ON

Home Automation System

For the partial fulfilment of

The Bachelors of Technology in

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology,

Bachupally, Hyderabad.

Name: Mittapally Jeevan.

Roll No: 15245A0424.
Section: E
Signature
Contents

Abstract
Introduction
Design
Working
Requirements
Circuit Diagram
Components Description
Atmega328P Microcontroller

16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LM7805 Voltage Regulator

ULN2003a Driver IC
HC-05 Bluetooth Module
Relay
Resistor
Capacitor
16 MHz Crystal
Custom Android Application Software
Description
Firmware
Bibliography
Abstract
This project builds a system that can remotely control on and
off of multiple power devices in different rooms, each with
corresponding voice command, thus conveniently manage
different electric equipments by voice. The project verifications
are met and design goal is successfully achieved, however
distance handling may need future development.
Introduction
In the home environment nowadays theres a demand of voice
controlled switch system, which can conveniently manage
different electric equipment by voice. Currently there are voice
controlled products limited to a single power socket. As a result
we are motivated to build a system that can remotely control
on and off of multiple power sockets in different rooms, each
with corresponding voice command, to create an automated
and comfortable home environment. The report will describe
the blocks the project divided into, discuss the design
procedure and details, requirement and verification.

Home Automation Design

Home Automation is a smart project which provides the user
the smart way of turning or switching the electronic devices
such as TV, Light, Fan, etc. .., with Voice commands. The
different Voice commands included in this project are TV on, TV
off, Light on, Light off, Fan on, Fan off, etc., The Number of
devices can be increased further and the voice commands are
added to the designed custom circuit board.

The Home Automation Project consists of the following

components:
Custom built Arduino circuit.
Mobile phone with custom android application.
Relay Driver circuit.
Bluetooth Module.

Diagrammatic Description of Home Automation project

Home Automation Working

The concept of the project is simple whenever
Bluetooth connection is established the transmitter and
receiver devices are ready to perform according to the
commands of the user .microcontroller receives the
command through the RX pin and matches with the
given programming code of the compiler and passes
the appropriate command to the microcontroller. Based
on the commands from the android application the
circuit switches the electronic appliances which are
connected through relays. The status of the devices
either turned off or on is displayed in the LCD display.

Here serial communication is used to control the home

appliances. We send commands like LIGHT ON, LIGHT
OFF, FAN ON, FAN OFF, TV ON AND TV OFF to control AC
home appliances. After receiving the given commands,
Arduino Circuit send signal to relays which are
responsible for switching on or off of the appliances.

Project is divided into following parts

Android Mobile (Android Operating System)

Arduino Controller circuit
Bluetooth Shield
Relay circuit
LCD
Home Automation System-Requirements

Hardware:
1. Atmega328P/89s52
Microcontroller.
2. HC-05 Bluetooth Module.
3.16x2 LCD.
4. Relays 5V.
5. Android Mobile.
6. Power Supply
7. Crystal (16MHZ)
8. Voltage Regulator (LM 7805)
9. Uln2003a Driver IC
10. Capacitors 22pF
11. Resistors 220

Software:
1. Arduino Integrated Development
Environment.
2. App Inventor.
Home Automation-Circuit Diagram
Components Description:

Atmega328P Microcontroller:

The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines

32 kB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities,
1 kB EEPROM, 2 kB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general
purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with
compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial
programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial
interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channels
in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog
timer with internal oscillator, and five software selectable power
saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. The
device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS per MHz
 Atmega328p Specifications:

IC type: AVR microcontroller

Core size: 8-bit

Speed: up to 20MHz

Number of I/O: 23

Program memory size: 32Kb (16K x 16)

Program memory type: Flash

EEPROM size: 1K x 8

RAM size: 2K x 8

Package: DIP-28 (0.1" x 0.3" pin spacing)

Supply voltage: 1.8 V - 5.5 V

16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display):

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module
and find a wide range of applications. These modules are preferred
over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons
being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in
seven segments), animations and so on.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there
are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel
matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
 16x2 LCD Display

LM7805 Voltage Regulator:

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed
linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and
would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the
output voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it
is designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of
suitable values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the
respective voltage levels.

LM7805 Pin Description:

LM7805 IC Rating:
 Input voltage range 7V- 35V

Current rating Ic = 1A

Output voltage range VMax=5.2V ,VMin=4.8V

ULN2003a Driver IC:

ULN2003a is a high voltage and high current Darlington array IC. It

contains seven open collector Darlington pairs with common
emitters. A Darlington pair is an arrangement of two bipolar
transistors.

ULN2003a belongs to the family of ULN200X series of ICs. Different

versions of this family interface to different logic families. ULN2003
is for 5V TTL, CMOS logic devices. These ICs are used when driving a
wide range of loads and are used as relay drivers, display drivers,
line drivers etc. ULN2003 is also commonly used while
driving Stepper Motors. Refer Stepper Motor interfacing using
ULN2003.
 Uln200a
pinout

Uln2003a Features:

500-mA-Rated Collector Current (Single Output)

High-Voltage Outputs: 50 V
Output Clamp Diodes
Inputs Compatible With Various Types of Logic
Relay-Driver Application
HC-05 Bluetooth Module:
HC-05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol)
module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup.

Serial port Bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR

(Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz
radio transceiver and baseband. It uses CSR Blue core 04-External
single chip Bluetooth system with CMOS technology and with
AFH(Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). It has the footprint as
small as 12.7mmx27mm. Hope it will simplify your overall
design/development cycle.

Bluetooth module
HC-05 Bluetooth module Specifications:

Hardware Features

Typical -80dBm sensitivity

Up to +4dBm RF transmit power

Low Power 1.8V Operation ,1.8 to 3.6V I/O

PIO control

UART interface with programmable baud rate

With integrated antenna

With edge connector

Software Features

Default Baud rate: 38400, Data bits: 8, Stop bit: 1, Parity: No

parity, Data control: has.

Supported baud rate:

9600,19200,38400,57600,115200,230400,460800.

Given a rising pulse in PIO0, device will be disconnected.

Status instruction port PIO1: low-disconnected, high-

connected;

PIO10 and PIO11 can be connected to red and blue led

separately. When master and slave are paired, red and blue led
blinks 1time/2s in interval, while disconnected only blue led blinks
2times/s.

Auto-connect to the last device on power as default.

Permit pairing device to connect as default.

Auto-pairing PINCODE:0000 as default

Auto-reconnect in 30 min when disconnected as a result of

beyond the range of connection.
Relay:

Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two

circuits electrically and connect them magnetically. They are very
useful devices and allow one circuit to switch another one while they
are completely separate. They are often used to interface an
electronic circuit (working at a low voltage) to an electrical circuit
which works at very high voltage. For example, a relay can make a
5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. Thus a small
sensor circuit can drive, say, a fan or an electric bulb.

Relay

Input1 input 2
 Relay pinout diagram

Resistor:

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that

implements electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power
resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat
may be used as part of motor controls, in power distribution
systems, or as test loads for generators. Fixed resistors have
resistances that only change slightly with temperature, time or
operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust circuit
elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as
sensing devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
 Resistor colour bands value table

Capacitor:

Capacitor or electric condenser is a device for storing an electric

charge. The simplest form of capacitor consists of two metal plates
separated by a non-touching layer called the dielectric. When one
plate is charged with electricity from a direct current or electrostatic
source, the other plate have induced in it a charge of the opposite
sign; that is, positive if the original charge is negative and negative
if the original charge is positive. The electrical size of the capacitor
is its capacitance. Capacitors are limited in the amount of electric
charge they can absorb; they can conduct direct current for only
instances but function well as conductors in alternating current
circuits. Fixed capacity and variable capacity capacitors are used in
conjunction with coils as resonant circuits in radios and other
electronic equipment.

16 MHz Crystal:
An electronic circuit or electronic device that is used to generate
periodically oscillating electronic signal is called as an electronic
oscillator. The electronic signal produced by an oscillator is typically
a sine wave or square wave. An electronic oscillator converts the
direct current signal into an alternating current signal. The radio and
television transmitters are broad casted using the signals generated
by oscillators. The electronic beep sounds and video game sounds
are generated by the oscillator signals. These oscillators generate
signals using the principle of oscillation.

Custom Android Application Software Description

The custom android application is built using the MIT

Appinventor.The application has the feature of pairing to the
Bluetooth. The circuit actions are commanded using this
custom application.
This application has good GUI for the beginners to operate and
the application can be easily developed using appinventor.
The following figure shows the completed version of the custom
android application.
 Custom Android Application
MIT Appinventor Code blocks for building the
application:
Home Automation-Firmware
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7);
String voice;
void setup()
{
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
//------------------------
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Home ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Automation ");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" by ");
delay(1000);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("JeevanMittapally");
delay(4000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Light Tv Fan ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OFF OFF OFF ");
}
void loop()
{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Light TV Fan");
digitalWrite(13,HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(500); // wait for a second
digitalWrite(13,LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(500);

while (Serial.available())
{
delay(10);
char c = Serial.read();
voice += c;
}

if (voice.length() > 0)
{
Serial.println(voice);
if(voice == "light on")
{
 digitalWrite(2, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("ON!");
delay(200);
}

if(voice == "light off")

{
digitalWrite(2, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("OFF");
delay(200);
}
if(voice == "TV on")
{
digitalWrite(3, HIGH);
lcd.print("Tv Turned on");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print("ON!");
delay(200);
}

if(voice == "TV off")

{
digitalWrite(3, LOW);
lcd.print("Tv Turned off");
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print("OFF");
delay(200);
}

if(voice == "fan on")

{
digitalWrite(4, HIGH);
lcd.print("Fan Turned on");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print("ON!");
delay(200);
}

if(voice == "fan off")

{
digitalWrite(4, LOW);
lcd.print("Fan Turned off");
lcd.setCursor(13,1);
lcd.print("OFF");
delay(200);
}
voice="";
}
}

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-home-
automation-project
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATmega328
https://www.engineersgarage.com/electronic-components/16x2-
lcd-module-datasheet
https://circuitdigest.com/sites/default/files/circuitdiagram_mic/P
C-Controlled-Home-Automati_0.gif