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    Security and Privacy Issues in Communications: Internal Guide Mrs. P.Gayathri Submitted BY A.Shanthi

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    Shanthi Adla
    Security and privacy issues in communications are addressed through techniques like cryptography and steganography. Cryptography involves encrypting data using algorithms and keys to achieve goals like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Steganography hides secret messages within other files like images, audio, or video. Both have advantages for secure transmission of data but also vulnerabilities if the files are attacked. Future applications may involve areas like smart IDs, banking security, and quantum cryptography.

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    Security and Privacy Issues in Communications: Internal Guide Mrs. P.Gayathri Submitted BY A.Shanthi

    Uploaded by

    Shanthi Adla
    41 views24 pages
    Security and privacy issues in communications are addressed through techniques like cryptography and steganography. Cryptography involves encrypting data using algorithms and keys to achieve goals like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Steganography hides secret messages within other files like images, audio, or video. Both have advantages for secure transmission of data but also vulnerabilities if the files are attacked. Future applications may involve areas like smart IDs, banking security, and quantum cryptography.

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    SECURITY AND PRIVACY ISSUES INCOMMMUNICATIONS

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    Security and privacy issues in communications are addressed through techniques like cryptography and steganography. Cryptography involves encrypting data using algorithms and keys to achieve goals like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Steganography hides secret messages within other files like images, audio, or video. Both have advantages for secure transmission of data but also vulnerabilities if the files are attacked. Future applications may involve areas like smart IDs, banking security, and quantum cryptography.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    41 views24 pages

    Security and Privacy Issues in Communications: Internal Guide Mrs. P.Gayathri Submitted BY A.Shanthi

    Uploaded by

    Shanthi Adla
    Security and privacy issues in communications are addressed through techniques like cryptography and steganography. Cryptography involves encrypting data using algorithms and keys to achieve goals like confidentiality, authentication, and integrity. Steganography hides secret messages within other files like images, audio, or video. Both have advantages for secure transmission of data but also vulnerabilities if the files are attacked. Future applications may involve areas like smart IDs, banking security, and quantum cryptography.

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    SECURITY AND PRIVACY

    ISSUES IN COMMUNICATIONS

    INTERNAL GUIDE
    Mrs. P.GAYATHRI
    SUBMITTED
    BY
    A.SHANTHI
    CONTENTS
    Introduction
    Cryptography
    Cryptographic algorithms
    Steganography
    Advantages and Disadvantages
    Applications
    Conclusion
    Future scope
    References
    INTRODUCTION
    Security has became a more sensible issue either it may be in
    real world or in cyber world.
    The main problem that occurred in network security are
    secrecy,authentication,nonrepudiation and integrity control.
    Data security deals with security during transmission of data.
    Commonly used technologies are cryptography,steganography.
    As the internet and other forms of electronic communications
    become more prevalent ,electronic security is becoming
    increasingly important
    CRYPTOGRAPHY
    The art of protecting the information by transforming it into an
    unreadable format ,called cipher text.
    The word “cryptography” means secrete writing.
    Cryptography is the science of using mathematics to encrypt
    and decrypt data.
    Example
    Here is a quick example of the encryption and
    decryption steps involved with the simple substitution
    cipher. The text we will encrypt is 'defend the east
    wall of the castle'.
    Keys for the simple substitution cipher usually consist
    of 26 letters (compared to the caeser cipher's single
    number). An example key is:
    plain alphabet : abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
    cipher alphabet: phqgiumeaylnofdxjkrcvstzwb
    An example encryption using the above key:
    plaintext : defend the east wall of the castle
    ciphertext: giuifg cei iprc tpnn du cei qprcni
    NEED OF CRYTOGRAPHY
    Confidentiality :ensuring that no one can read message expect
    the intended receiver.
    Authentication :the process of proving ones identity.
    Data integrity :Only authorized parties are able to modify
    computer system assets and transmitted information.
    Non-repudiation: Both the sender & receiver are unable to
    deny the transmission.
    TYPES OF ALGORITHMS
    Secret key Cryptography (symmetric)
    Public key Cryptography (asymmetric)
    Hash function
    SECRET KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
    Follows symmetric algorithms.
    Single key is used to encrypt and
    decrypt.
    Key must be known by both parties
    PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY
     Follows asymmetric algorithms.
     Each entity has two keys.
    private key (a secret)
    public key (well known)
     Public keys are used for encryption
     Private keys are used for decryption
    HASH FUNCTION
    Hash function also called message digest &one way
    encryption, are algorithms that in one sense use no key. Instead
    a fixed hash value is computed based upon the plain text that
    makes it possible for either the contents or length of plain text
    to be recovered.
    Hash function is easy to compute.
    STEGANOGRAPHY
    Steganography is a art & science of hiding the fact that
    communication is taking place.
    Steganography is the practice of hiding private or sensitive
    information within something that appears to be nothing out of
    the usual.
     Steganography in the modern day sense of the word usually
    refers to information or a file that has been concealed inside a
    digital Picture, Video or Audio file
    TYPES OF STEGANOGRAPHY
    Secret message is hidden in different forms:
    STEGANOGRAPHY IN TEXT
    The code word is embedded in the document by altering
    textual features. by applying each bit of code word to a
    particular document.
    line-shift coding: lines are vertically shifted.
    word shift coding: code words are horizontally shifted.
    feature coding: coding done using certain text features.
    STEGANOGARPHY IN IMAGES
    Image Steganography has come quite far in recent years with
    the development of fast,powerful graphical computers.
    The techniques used are:
    1. Image compression
    2. Image encoding techniques
    least significant bit insertion
    masking and filtering techniques
    transformations
    STEGANOGRAPHY IN AUDIO
    Low bit encoding method is used to hide information inside
    audio files which is similar to LSB used in images.
    Spread spectrum is another method used to hide the
    information inside the audio file. This method works by adding
    random noises to the signal information is conceal inside a
    carrier and spread across the frequency spectrum.
    Echo data hiding is another method of hiding information
    inside an audio file.
    STEGANOGRAPHY IN VIDEOS
    Steganography in videos is similar to that of in images, apart of
    information is hidden in each frame of video.
    When only small amount of information is hidden inside the
    video it is generally isn’t noticeable at all, however more the
    information that is hidden the more noticeable it will become.
    ADVANTAGES
    The main advantage is we can provide security to data with
    multiple levels of security.
    We can embed huge volumes of data with modern
    Steganography.
    Symmetric encryption is simple and fast.
    DISADVANTAGES
    Transmission time for documents encrypted using public key
    cryptography is significantly slower then symmetric
    cryptography.
    Message is hard to recover if image is subject to attacks such
    as translation and rotation.
    Some data hiding methods follow the principle that the edge
    area can tolerate more changes than smooth areas. this does not
    differentiate the texture features from edge ones.
    APPLICATIONS
    Smart ID’S
    Military applications
    Banking applications
    Companies secret data safe circulation
    ATM security
    Computer password
    Digital signatures
    CONCLUSION
    The system deals with providing easy and secure files
    transmissions across the network. The data is encrypted and
    embedded with any container file and transmitted through the
    network, at the receiving end the data is deembedded,decrypted
    and displayed.
    The application can now be used in any organization
    that uses networks. the proposed methods achieves higher
    embedding capacity and physical property.
    FUTURE SCOPE
    Crypto smart cards
    Java rings
    DNA cryptography
    Quantum cryptography
    REFERENCES
    www.cryptography.com
    www.wikipedia.com
    www.cryptography.org
    wikipedia contributers.steganography.wikipedia
    An introduction to Steganography ,IEEE security and privacy
    THANK YOU…..
    QUERIES ?

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