Training Programme On "Plastics"
Training Programme On "Plastics"
Training Programme On "Plastics"
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Plastics????
• Definition: Plastics may be defined as the organic polymer being materials of high
molecular weight that can be easily molded or shaped by mechanical and chemical
action.
• These molecules are made up of long chain molecules are based on Carbon and
Hydrogen
• Plastics are Macromolecular structured Polymer.
• Polymer is made up of many repeating simple chemical units, known as Monomer.
• All Plastics are Polymers-----But All Polymers are not Plastics, they may be Fibres,
Elastomers (rubbers) or adhesives.
• In simple words plastic is one of the family member of polymers.
Jaw A
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Structure :
•Monomer - Single unit, The building block for polymer molecules.
Types of polymerization:
1) Addition Polymerization : The polymerization method that adds short molecules ( monomers)
together to make long molecules ( Polymer ).
Examples: Polyethylene, Polypropylene.etc.
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ADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTICS
• Light in weight
• Higher strength to weight ratio
• Wider design freedom
• Easy Processability
• Low Energy Required for Manufacturing
• Minimum post finishing required
• Corrosion Resistant.
• Good electrical & Thermal resistance
• Better aesthetics
• Wide color range & Transparent
• Reusability
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Thermoplastic & Thermoset
• Thermoplastics are materials that can be repeatedly heated, melted and converted into a
product.
Ex: Nylon, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Poly Phenylene Oxide (PPO), PBT
Thermosets undergo a chemical reaction during conversion into a product. The product cannot
be re-melted and converted into another product again.
Ex: Epoxy, Phenol Formaldehyde (PF), Urea Formaldehyde (UF),
Commercial classification
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Commodity Plastics
Packaging:
Bags for grocery, garbage, shopping, milk pouches,
liners for woven sacks, garment packing, cellular foams
for packaging.
Medical:
Bottles for packing fluids, Saline.
Bottle caps and inner seals.
Tubes for saline sets, gases, fluids, etc.
Disposable syringes, Kidney Trays, Sterilizable Medical
wares
Agriculture:
Irrigation Pipes, film for green houses, nursery bags,
canal liners, mulching films etc.
Electrical:
Wire coating, electrical and telephone cable sheathing.
Automotive:
Fuel tanks,decorative covers on car wheels, car door
interiors, petrol cans & caps.
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Engineering Plastics
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Thermoset Plastics
Applications
• Appliances: Handles of Iron, Pressure cooker, Ovens, heat proof buttons, bottle closures,
• Automotive: Auto coil tops, disk brake pistons, disconnect boxes, propellers, brake linings, gears, clutch disks,
lamp sockets,
• Electrical/Electronics: Fuse boxes, lamp sockets, fan regulator covers, telephone handsets,
• Industrial/Mechanical: grinding wheels, bobbins and sleeves, Tool handles, industrial items, textile components,
textile drums, welding torches.
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Characteristics of Thermoset Plastics
•Heat resistant
•Easy to mould
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Plastic Behavior
• The stress that are molded in the parts caused continued shrinkage after molding.
• Shrinkage may continues for hours, days or even weeks after molding.
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Additives used in plastics
1) Heat Stabilizers : Added to protect the plastic from degradation by heat.
2) Anti-Oxidants : Chemicals put in plastics to reduce the effects of Oxygen attack on
the polymer.
3) Ultra- Violet light Stabilizers : UV Stabilizers help to reduce the damaging effects of
Sunlight on plastics.
4) Other additives are:
* Colorants ( Master batch )
* Foaming agents
* Lubricants
* Plasticizers
* Flame retardant
5) Reinforcements: Glass fibers and minerals that increase the physical properties of the
plastics.
6) Fillers :Low cost materials like Mica, Chalk and Wood powder are used to reduce the
cost and may improve some physical properties of the plastics.
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