First Aid

BASICS
of
FIRST AID
What is FIRST AID?
▪It is an immediate and temporary care given to
a person who has been injured or suddenly
taken ill.
▪It includes self-help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or delayed.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
▪To alleviate suffering

▪To prevent added / further injury or
danger
▪To prolong life
Common Injury encountered by
Officiating Officials and Athletes
▪Sprains
▪Strains
▪Heat Exhaustion
▪Fractures
▪Dislocations
SPRAIN
▪ is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the
band of connective tissues that joins the
end of one bone with another.
▪ Sprains are caused by trauma such as a
fall or a blow to the body that knocks a
joint out of position.
STRAIN
▪ is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or
tendon – a cord of tissue connecting
muscle to bone.
▪ It is an acute, non-contact injury
that results from overstretching or
over-contraction.
HEAT EXHAUSTION
▪Heat exhaustion is a response to
heat characterized by fatigue,
weakness and collapse due to
inadequate intake of water to
compensate for loss of fluids
during sweating.
FRACTURE
▪is a break in the bone that can
occur from either a quick, one-
time injury to the bone or
repeated stress to the bone over
time.
DISLOCATION
▪It is when the two bones

come together to form a joint
become separated, the joint is
described as dislocated.
HOME TREATMENT
FOR SPRAIN and STRAIN:
▪ Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
▪ Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
▪ Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without increasing bleeding.
▪ Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
▪ Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
▪ After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
▪ Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.
▪ Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.
RICE METHOD
REST - the injured part
ICE - is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces
swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack or cold compress
for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury.
COMPRESS - Compression also reduces swelling.
ELEVATE - Elevation drains fluids from injured
tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever you are sitting
or lying down. Try to keep the injured area at or above
the level of the heart.
HOME TREATMENT
FOR HEAT EXHAUSTION:
▪ Have the victim lie down with his/her feet elevated.
▪ Keep the victim cool.
▪ Give him/her electrolyte beverages to sip or make a salted drink.
▪ Monitor the victim for signs of shock.
▪ If the victim starts having seizures, protect him/her from injury and give first
aid for convulsions.
▪ If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid for unconsciousness.
HOME TREATMENT
FOR FRACTURE & DISLOCATION:
▪ Apply the R.I.C.E method.
▪ Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken bones. Splint the injury
with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines, to prevent the bones from shifting.
▪ Don't move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend beyond joints above and below the
fracture.
▪ If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to control bleeding. Don't try to
push the bone back into the wound and don't attempt to clean it.
▪ Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal bleeding.
▪ Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.
PREVENTION
▪ Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented.
▪ Don't be a "weekend warrior". Get yourself into shape gradually with a graded
exercise program. Listen to your body.
▪ Warm up properly and cool off after exercising. Use proper equipment and the
correct technique.
▪ Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don't carry heavy
objects. Watch where you step. Keep your home safe.
▪ To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising.

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BASICS

▪To alleviate suffering

▪It is when the two bones

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