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Oct. 2017 Arbaminch, Ethiopia

The document discusses hydraulic structures for dam outlet works, including intakes, gates, valves, and bottom outlets. It provides introductions and definitions for each type of structure. Intakes divert water from reservoirs or rivers and control sediment and debris. Gates and valves are used to control floods and water flow and come in various types depending on their position, material, and operation. Bottom outlets are constructed depending on the dam type and purpose and can be placed through or outside the dam body.

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Mūssā Mūhābā ZēĒthiopiā
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© © All Rights Reserved
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80 views

Oct. 2017 Arbaminch, Ethiopia

The document discusses hydraulic structures for dam outlet works, including intakes, gates, valves, and bottom outlets. It provides introductions and definitions for each type of structure. Intakes divert water from reservoirs or rivers and control sediment and debris. Gates and valves are used to control floods and water flow and come in various types depending on their position, material, and operation. Bottom outlets are constructed depending on the dam type and purpose and can be placed through or outside the dam body.

Uploaded by

Mūssā Mūhābā ZēĒthiopiā
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Arba Minch Institute Technology

Department of HWRE

Hydraulic Structures-II
For HWRE Students

Oct. 2017
Arbaminch, Ethiopia
1. Dam Outlet Works
Outlines
Introduction
Intakes
Gates and Valves
Bottom outlets
Spill ways

2
1.1 Introduction
• Demonstration video Click here
• Dam outlet works consist generally of spillways and
bottom (high-head) outlets.
• Spillways are dam appurtenances ensuring a safe
passage of floods from the reservoir to the downstream
river reach and its design depends on
– The design flood,
– Dam type and location, and
– Reservoir size and operation.  
3
1.1 Introduction

4
1.1 Introduction
• Outlet works serve to empty the reservoir (completely
or to a certain level) for repairs when there is failure of
the dam, as well as for discharging water from the
reservoir for downstream requirements.
• The design of bottom outlet works depends primarily
on the:
– Purpose of the reservoir and
– Sediment inflow and deposition in the reservoir.

5
1.1 Introduction

6
1.1 Introduction
• Factors to be considered in outlet works
– Determination of the discharging capacity.
– Prevention of the possibility of cavitations.
– Shaping of the elements to the least possible
hydraulic resistances and hydrodynamic forces.
– Anticipation and dimensioning of air inlet.
– Defining the flow regime at different discharge
quantities, levels of head and tail-water, openings of
the service gate or valve.
– Determination of deformation of the soil or the rock
at the part of the river bed. 7
1.2 Intakes
• Intake is structure constructed at a head of canal or
tunnel to diverted water from source reservoir/river.
• It can be situated on the u/s face (concrete dams) or in
the form of conduits (embankment dams), situated on
slope or tower type.
• The main purposes of the intake structure are:
– To admit and regulate water from the source,
– To minimize and control the entry of the sediments
to prevent silting of tunnel/canal
– To prevent the clogging of the entrance with floating
debris 8
Intakes

9
Gates and Valves

• The main operational requirements for gates and


valves are the control of floods, water tightness,
minimum hoist capacity, convenience of installation
and maintenance.
• Valve remains inside the water passage and to be used
if the conveyance is conduit(pipe).
• Gates may be classified as follows:
– Position in the dam – crest gates and high-head
(submerged) gates and valves;
– Function – service, bulkhead (maintenance) and
emergency gates; 10
Gates and Valves

– Material – gates made of steel, RC, …


– Pressure transmission – to piers or abutments, to
the gate sill, to the sill and piers;
– Mode of operation – regulating and non-regulating
gates and valves;
– Type of motion – translator, rotary, rolling(wheel
mounted),sliding, high pressure gates, gates moving
along or across the flow and hinged gates for huge
head (15-45);
– Moving mechanisms – gates powered electrically,
mechanically, hydraulically, or by hand. 11
Gates and Valves

• Forces Acting on Gates and Valves


• Primary forces acting on gates and valves to perform
proper dimensioning are:
– Hydrostatic pressure:-these forces are assumed in the
same way as in the dimensioning of dams.
– Static pressure of ice:- not taken into consideration.
– Self-weight:-calculated from the geometry and type
of material anticipated for the design.
– Thermal effects, wind pressure and waves, seismic
action and hydrodynamic pressure of water are also
considered. 12
Gates and Valves

13
1.3 Bottom outlets

• The construction and position of bottom outlet


depends on the:
– Type of dam,
– Purpose of reservoir
– Minimum ecological downstream requirement.
• According to their position in relation to the dam,
bottom outlet works are classified in two groups:

– Outlet passing through the dam’s body;


– Outlet that are placed in the bank, outside the dam’s
14

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