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Lecture #3 (Con't) : Spillways

This document discusses different types of spillways for dams: 1. Chute spillways are simple and can be constructed independently at low cost. They consist of a steep open channel along a dam. 2. Side channel spillways have a control weir along the side of the discharge channel. They are built where space is limited. 3. Saddle siphon spillways have a reinforced concrete cover over an ogee-shaped duct. Priming devices are used to reduce priming depths. 4. Shaft spillways have water enter horizontally and drop through a vertical or sloping shaft to the downstream river. Key factors in spillway selection include safety, hydrological conditions

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Mūssā Mūhābā ZēĒthiopiā
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30 views

Lecture #3 (Con't) : Spillways

This document discusses different types of spillways for dams: 1. Chute spillways are simple and can be constructed independently at low cost. They consist of a steep open channel along a dam. 2. Side channel spillways have a control weir along the side of the discharge channel. They are built where space is limited. 3. Saddle siphon spillways have a reinforced concrete cover over an ogee-shaped duct. Priming devices are used to reduce priming depths. 4. Shaft spillways have water enter horizontally and drop through a vertical or sloping shaft to the downstream river. Key factors in spillway selection include safety, hydrological conditions

Uploaded by

Mūssā Mūhābā ZēĒthiopiā
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture #3 ( Con't)

Spillways

1
Chute Spillway

•For Earth & Rock-fill dam, a separate spillway is generally


constructed in a saddle dam away from main valley.
•Sometimes even for gravity dams a separate spillway is required
because of the narrowness of the valley.
•The chute spillway is the simplest type of spillway which can be
easily provided independently and at low costs.
•It is lighter & adoptable to any type of foundation and hence
provided easily on Earth & Rock-Fill dam.
•If it is constructed in continuation of the dam at one end is called a
Flank weir. If it is constructed in a saddle in the bank of the river
is called a Saddle Weir.
2
Cont’d…

• A chute spillway essentially consists of a steeply sloping


open channel placed along a dam abutment or through a
flank or saddle.
• Slope of chute can conform to topography, minimum
excavation and should maintain supercritical flow to
avoid unstable flow conditions.
• An entrance channel called approach channel trapezoidal
with side slope 1:1 to lead the reservoir water up to
control structure.

3
Side Channel Spillway

• The crest of the control weir is placed along the side of the
discharge channel. It is approximately parallel to the side
channel at the entrance.
• The crest of a side channel spillway is usually an ogee-
shaped section of concrete. Sometimes it consists of a flat
concrete laid on an embankment or the natural ground
surface.
• The side channel spillway is usually constructed in a
narrow canyon where sufficient space is not available for
an overflow spillway and neither a suitable saddle nor wide
flank for a chute spillway.
4
Cont’d…

5
Saddle Siphon Spillway
• The saddle Siphon spillway consists of an air tight
reinforced concrete cover called “Hood” or “cowl”
provided over an ogee shaped body.
• The entrance and the exit lips of the hood are S shaped that
siphon duct has bell mouthed entry and exit.
• The inlet of the siphon duct is kept submerged well below
the full reservoir level so that floating debris etc., should
not enter, vortices and draw downs which might break the
siphon action are avoided.

6
Cont’d…

7
Cont’d…
• Priming devices
• Are used to reduce the priming depths by creating effective
water seals which cause early priming of siphon spillways.
• De-priming is the reverse process of priming. It is the
action of siphon from the time air starts entering the siphon
through the vents until the siphoning action completely
stopped.

8
Shaft Spillway/Morning Glory

• In shaft spillway water enters a horizontal crest, drops


through a vertical or a sloping shaft and then flows to the
downstream river channel through a horizontal/nearly
horizontal conduit or tunnel.
• A rock out crop projecting into the reservoir slightly
upstream of the dam would be an ideal site for a shaft
spillway.
• The diversion tunnels if available can be utilized for
discharge tunnels of spillway. Radial piers provided on the
spillway crest ensure radial flow towards spillway.

9
Cont’d…

10
Selection of spillways

• Safety Considerations Consistent with Economy


• Hydrological and Site Conditions
• Type of Dam
• Purpose of Dam and Operating Conditions
• Conditions Downstream of a Dam
• Nature and Amount of Solid Materials Brought by the
River

Quiz(10%)
11

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