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Stress: Normal Stress Shearing Stress Bearing Stress

- Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to a material's cross-sectional area. It can be tensile or compressive. - Shear stress acts parallel to a plane within a material due to opposing forces causing sliding. It is defined as the shear force divided by the resisting cross-sectional area. - Bearing stress is the pressure caused by surface loads where two bodies are in contact. It is calculated using the bearing force divided by the projected contact area. - Examples provided calculations for determining normal, shear, and bearing stresses in various mechanical applications. Assignments were provided to apply the stress concepts.

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Melanie Samsona
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
306 views

Stress: Normal Stress Shearing Stress Bearing Stress

- Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to a material's cross-sectional area. It can be tensile or compressive. - Shear stress acts parallel to a plane within a material due to opposing forces causing sliding. It is defined as the shear force divided by the resisting cross-sectional area. - Bearing stress is the pressure caused by surface loads where two bodies are in contact. It is calculated using the bearing force divided by the projected contact area. - Examples provided calculations for determining normal, shear, and bearing stresses in various mechanical applications. Assignments were provided to apply the stress concepts.

Uploaded by

Melanie Samsona
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STRESS

• Normal Stress
• Shearing Stress
• Bearing Stress
Normal Stress

 Normal
  stress develops when a force is
applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional
area of the material.

σ=

If the force is going to pull the material, the


stress is said to be Tensile stress.

Compressive stress develops when the material


is being compressed by two opposing forces.
Example 1
Example 2
   hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a
A
tensile load of 400 kN. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the
stress is limited to 120 .

Answer
Example 3
Answer
Example 4

 A 12-inches square steel bearing plate lies between an 8-inches diameter wooden post
and a concrete footing as shown in Fig. P-110. Determine the maximum value of the
load P if the stress in wood is limited to 1800 psi and that in concrete to 650 psi.
For  Wood:

= 1800[
= 90 477.9 lb
From FBD of Wood:
P = = 90 477.9 lb

For Concrete:

= 650(
= 93 478 lb
From FBD of Concrete
P = = 93 478 lb Safe Load P = 90 477.9 lb Answer
Shear Stress
 Shear Stress by definition, normal stress
acting on an interior plane is directed
perpendicular to that plane. Shear stress, on
the other hand, is tangent to the plane on
which it acts. Shear stress arises whenever
the applied loads cause one section of a
body to slide past its adjacent section.
 As seen in the FBD, the rivet must carry the
shear force V=P. Because only one cross
section of the rivet resists the shear, the rivet
is said to be in single shear.
 Average Shear stress has been defined as the stress
component that acts in the plane of the sectioned
area.
 consider the effect of applying a force F to the bar.
If the supports are considered rigid, and F is large
enough, it will cause
the material of the bar to deform and fail along the
planes identified by AB and CD. A free-body
diagram of the unsupported center segment of the
bar, indicates that the shear force must be applied at
each section to hold the segment in equilibrium.
The average shear stress distributed over each
sectioned area that develops this shear
force is defined by
Example 1
  
What force is required to punch a 20 mm diameter hole in a plate that is 25 mm thick? The
shear strength is 350 .

 
The Resisting area is the shaded area along the perimeter and
shear force V is equal to the punching force P.

Answer
Example 2
 Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis in Fig. if P = 400 kN. The
working shear stress for the bolt is 300 MPa.
FBD

or

Answer
Bearing Stress
 If  two bodies are pressed against each other,
compressive forces are developed on the area of contact.
The pressure caused by these surface loads is called
bearing stress.
 assuming that the bearing stress is uniformly distributed
over a reduced area. The reduced area is taken to be the
projected area of the rivet:
= td

where t is the thickness of the plate and d represents


the diameter of the rivet, From this FBD we see that the
bearing force equals the applied load P (the bearing load
will be reduced if there is friction between the plates), so
that the bearing stress becomes
Example 1
 The lap joint shown in Fig. is fastened by four rivets of 3/4-in diameter. Find the
maximum load P that can be applied if the working stresses are 14 ksi for shear in the rivet and
18 ksi for bearing in the plate. Assume that the applied load is distributed evenly among the
four rivets, and neglect friction between the plates.
 Based on FBD:

Shear Stress in Rivets:

 
Comparing the above
=] solutions, we conclude that
the maximum safe load P
that can
be applied to the lap joint is
Bearing Stress in Plate

= =
Answer

=
Example 2
 In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 110 mm wide.
The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of
rivet. Determine (a) the minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile
stress in the plates.
 (a) From Shearing of Rivets:

= 60[ ]

From Bearing of plate material:

Answer
(b) Largest average tensile stress in the plate:

[]
Answer
END OF TOPIC… 
Assignment
1. The
  homogeneous bar shown in Fig. P-106 is supported by a smooth pin at C and a cable that runs
from A to B around the smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar
weighs 6000 lb.

2. A rod is composed of an aluminum section rigidly attached between steel and bronze sections, as
shown in Fig. P-107. Axial loads are applied at the positions indicated. If P = 3000 lb and the cross
sectional area of the rod is 0.5 , determine the stress in each section.
Assignment
3. The block is subjected to a compressive force of 2 kN. Determine the average normal and average
shear stress developed in the wood fibers that are oriented along section a–a at 30° with the axis of the
block.

4. The shaft is subjected to the axial force of 40 kN.


Determine the average bearing stress acting on the
collar C and the normal stress in the shaft.
Assignment
5. The
  boom is supported by the winch cable that has a diameter of 0.25 in. and an allowable normal
stress of . Determine the greatest load that can be
supported without causing the cable to fail when and . Neglect the size of the winch.

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