Week 4 - w21 Buoyancy
Week 4 - w21 Buoyancy
Week 4 - w21 Buoyancy
Fluid Mechanics
Week 4
Buoyancy
These Slides
• Review “Forces Due to Static Fluids”
– Calculate FR on a Floating object
• Define Buoyancy
• Solve Buoyancy Problems Reminder: Click the
speaker icon to hear me
• Examples all the way through talk about the
information on each
slide
Review: Forces due to Static Fluids
• any rectangular surface:
On
• Resultant Force:
• Average pressure:
When top is open: (and is the mean depth)
• = width of wall (w) x contact height (h for vertical walls, L for
inclines)
• is located at the centroid of
pressure prism
– triangle h/3 only valid when L
Review: Forces due to Static Fluids
• theory,
In calculating Resultant Forces on faces of objects that
are submersed or floating in fluid is the same as calculating
resultant forces on any contact surface.
Use:
𝐹 𝑅 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚
Solve:
The resultant force is 1.962 kN, acting UP on the center of the cube.
Review: Forces due to Static Fluids
•
Given:
Find:
[UP]
W of cube
FBD:
W
Solve: Fy = 0
𝑭 𝑹 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎
Fb = buoyancy force
γf = specific weight of fluid
Vd = displaced volume of fluid
Buoyancy
Fbuoyant=Fup−Fdown
Fbuoyant=PbottomA−PtopA
Fbuoyant=(𝛾hbottom)A−(𝛾htop)A
Fbuoyant=𝛾A(hbottom−htop)
Fbuoyant=𝛾Ahcan
Fbuoyant=𝛾Vcan
Notice this buoyancy force is the same as the resultant force that we calculated
Buoyancy
When solving buoyancy problems remember:
• Buoyancy Force: Fbuoyancy = γfluidVdisplaced fluid
– Acts through the Centre of Buoyancy which is at the centroid of
the volume of fluid that has been displaced
• Object Weight: W = mobjectg = ρobjectVobjectg = γobjectVobject
– Acts through Object’s Center of Gravity
• If W < Fb (with object submerged) it will float (γobject < γfluid)
• If W > Fb (with object submerged) it will sink (γobject > γfluid)
• NEUTRAL BUOYANCY when γobject = γfluid (because W = Fb)
Buoyancy
Process for Setting up Buoyancy Problems:
• SAME as ALL Problems (see “Problem Solving Skills” slides)
• Specify what quantity you are looking for
• Draw a good diagram (in these cases a FBD), make sure you draw
ALL of the forces acting on all the objects
• Write down all the given information (including specific weights)
• State the equations you will use (in these cases include )
• Solve (watch for signs and units)
• Clearly answer the original question
Buoyancy
Example (5-2):
Fb - concrete
Solve: W = Wsphere +Wconcrete
W = 0.200 kN + 4.1 kN = 4.3 kN
Wconcrete
Buoyancy
Solve: Fb = Fb - sphere + Fb - concrete Fb - sphere
Fb = γwaterVsphere + γwaterVconcrete
Fb - concrete
Fb > W (6.841 kN > 4.3 kN)
Since the total buoyancy force is greater than the total Wconcrete
weight, the objects will float. They will be in equilibrium
when a portion of the sphere is above the water.
Buoyancy
Example (5-26):
For the composite cylinder
shown, what thickness of brass
is required to cause the cylinder
to float in the position shown in
carbon tetrachloride?
Stability
A body in a fluid is considered stable if it will return to its original
position after being rotated a small amount.
Depends on the relative locations
of the center of gravity and
center of buoyancy
Buoyancy: Resource
Extra Resources for Buoyancy
1. Textbook Chapter 5 (Introduction to Section 5.2)