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    Topics: Block Placement. Global Routing. Switchbox Routing

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    prateek
    VLSI

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Topics: Block Placement. Global Routing. Switchbox Routing

    Uploaded by

    prateek
    33 views24 pages
    VLSI

    Original Title

    chap7

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    VLSI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views24 pages

    Topics: Block Placement. Global Routing. Switchbox Routing

    Uploaded by

    prateek
    VLSI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Topics

     Block placement.
     Global routing.
     Switchbox routing.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Floorplanning strategies

     Floorplanning must take into account block


    s of varying function, size, shape.
     Must design:
    – space allocation;
    – signal routing;
    – power supply routing;
    – clock distribution.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Bricks-and-mortar floorplan

    blocks

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Purposes of floorplanning

     Early in design:
    – Prepare a floorplan to budget area, wire area/del
    ay. Tradeoffs between blocks can be negotiated.
     Late in design:
    – Make sure the pieces fit together as planned.
    – Implement the global layout.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Types of routing

     Channel routing:
    – channel may grow in one dimension to
    accommodate wires;
    – pins generally on only two sides.
     Switchbox routing:
    – cannot grow in any dimension;
    – pins are on all four sides, fixing dimensions of
    the box.
    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channels and switchboxes

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Block placement

     Blocks have:
    – area;
    – aspect ratio.
     Blocks may be placed at different rotations
    and reflections.
     Uniform size blocks are easier to
    interchange.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Blocks and wiring

     Cannot ignore wiring during block


    placement - large wiring areas may force
    rearrangement of blocks.
     Wiring plan must consider area and delay of
    critical signals.
     Blocks divide wiring area into routing
    channels.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channel definition

     Channels end at block boundaries.


     Several alternate channel definitions are
    possible:

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channel definition changes with
    block spacing

    Changing spacing changes relationship


    between block edges:

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channel graph

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channel graph usage

     Nodes are channels, edges placed between


    two channels that touch.
     Channel graph shows paths between
    channels.
     Channel graph can be used to guide global
    routing.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channels must be routed in order

    Wire out of end of one channel creates pin on


    side of next channel:
    channel B

    channel A

    constraint
    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Windmills

    Can create an unroutable combination of chan


    nels with circular constraints:

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Slicable floorplan

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Slicability property

     A slicable floorplan can be recursively cut i


    n two without cutting any blocks.
     A slicable floorplan is guaranteed to have n
    o windmills, therefore guaranteed to have a
    feasible order of routing for the channels.
     Slicability is a desirable property for floorpl
    ans.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Global routing

     Goal: assign wires to paths through


    channels.
     Don’t worry about exact routing of wires
    within channel.
     Can estimate channel height from global
    routing using congestion.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Line probe routing

     Heuristic method for finding a short route.


     Works with arbitrary combination of
    obstacles.
     Does not explore all possible paths - not
    optimal.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Line probe example

    line 1
    A

    line 2
    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Channel utilization

     Want to keep all channels about equally full


    to minimize wasted area.
     Important to route time-critical signals first.
     Shortest path may not be best for global
    wiring.
     In general, may need to rip-up wires and
    reroute to improve the global routing.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Switchbox routing

     Can’t expand a switchbox to make room for


    more wiring.
     Switchbox may be defined by intersection
    of channels.

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR
    Routing order and switchboxes

    Switchboxes frequently need more


    experimentation with wiring order because
    nets may block other nets:

    Modern VLSI Design 2e: Chapter 7 Copyright  1998 Prentice Hall PTR

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