Perawatan Perioperatif 1
Perawatan Perioperatif 1
Perawatan Perioperatif 1
Ns.SUDIARTO.,S.Kep.,M.Kep.
PENDAHULUAN
Penyakit pasien
Jenis pembedahan
Pasien = Faktor paling penting
DEFINITIONS
A perioperative nurse: as the RN who using the
nursing process, designs, coordinates, and
delivers care to meet the identified needs of
clients whose protective reflexes or self care
abilities are potentially compromised because
they are under the influence of anesthesia during
operative or other invasive procedures (Dosch M,
2003).
What is meant by
perioperative?
Physical Preparation.
Skin preparation
Elimination
Food and fluids
Care of valuables
clothing/ grooming
Prostheses
Psychosocial Preparation.
Careful preoperative teaching can reduce fear and
anxiety of the clients.
FASE PRE OPERATIF
Usia
Nutrisi
Penyakit kronis
Neuroendokrin (Dm, kortikosteroid)
Merokok
Alkohol
PERSIAPAN PENUNJANG
Radiologi (thorak,USG,CT scan,MRI,BNO-IVP)
EKG, EEG,ECHO DLL
Laboratorium (bleding / cloting time,elektrolit
serum,hb,led,protein total,ureum kreatinin,BUN dll)
Biopsi,KGD
tidak semua jenis pemeriksaan dilakukan terhadap
pasien, namun tergantung pada jenis penyakit dan
operasi yang dijalani oleh pasien
PEMERIKSAAN STATUS ANESTESI
Metode ASA (American Society of
Anasthesiologist) :
Tidak ada gangguan organik, biokimia dan
psikiatri
Gangguan sistemik ringan sampai sedang (bukan
disebabkan Penyakit yang akan dibedah.)
Penyakit sistemik berat(DM komp pembuluh
darah)
Penyakit/gangguan sistemik berat yang
menbahayakan jiwa
Keadaan terminal dengan kemungkinan hidup
kecil
INFORM CONSENT
sangat penting terkait dengan aspek hukum dan
tanggung jawab dan tanggung gugat
PERSIAPAN MENTAL / PSIKIS
mental pasien yang tidak siap atau labil dapat
berpengaruh terhadap kondisi fisiknya.
perubahan fisiologis yang muncul akibat
kecemasan/ketakutan : HT-cemas=TD naik, tll
cemas,takut nyeri, Takut keganasan.
OBAT-OBATAN PRE MEDIKASI
Initial Assessment
Airway patency
Effectiveness of respiration
Presence of artificial airways
Mechanical ventilation, or supplemental oxygen
Circulatory status, vital signs
Wound condition, including dressings and drains
Fluid balance, including IV fluids, output from catheters and
drains and ability to void
Level of consciousness and pain
POSTOPERATIVE CARE:
LATER POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Ongoing Assessment
Respiratory function
General condition
Vital signs
Cardiovascular function
Fluid status
Pain level
Bowel and urinary elimination
Dressings, tubes, drains, and IV lines
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
Risk for altered respiratory function related to immobility,
effects of anesthesia, analgesics and pain.
Pain related to surgical incision and manipulation of body
structures.
Altered Comfort (nausea and vomiting) related to effects of
anesthesia or side effects of narcotics.
Risk for Infection related to break in skin integrity (surgical
incision, wound drainage devices).
Activity Intolerance related to decreased mobility and
weakness secondary to anesthesia and surgery.
NURSE’S RESPONSIBILITIES IN POSTOPERATIVE PHASE
1. Hemorrhage
2. Shock
3. Hypoxia
4. Aspiration
Types of surgery
PERTIMBANGAN :
Letak incisi
Perubahan vaskuler
Untuk itu pasien harus dipindahkan secara
perlahan dan cermat
PERAWATAN POST ANASTESI
DI RUANG PEMULIHAN (RECOVERY ROOM)
Perencanaan (sdm,alat)
Sumber daya manusia (ketenagaan)
Equipment (peralatan)
Prosedur
Passage (jalur lintasan)
PERAWATAN DI RUANG RAWAT
Urgent
Required
Elective
Optional
DISCHARGE TEACHING
Diet
Activity
Prescriptions
Elimination
Complication
Sexual activity
Special exercise
Visit with the surgeon
Removal of sutures and staples
Care of the incision
MATURNUWUN
SEMOGA BERMANFAAT