Sky X Technology: Submitted by Asha Thomas Roll No 30 S7, CSE Paacet

SKY X
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by
Asha Thomas
Roll no 30
S7,CSE
PAACET.
INTRODUCTION
 Satellites are an attractive option for carrying Internet and
other IP traffic to many locations across the globe where
terrestrial options are limited .
 The Sky X technology replaces TCP over satellite link with a

protocol optimized for the high loss and bandwidth conditions
of the typical satellite communication.
 Adding the Sky X system to a satellite network allows users to

take full advantage of the available bandwidth
 The Sky X Technology transparently enhances the performance of
all users on a satellite network.
 The Sky X increases web performance by 3 times or more and file

transfer speeds by 10 to 100 times.
 The Sky X solution is entirely transparent to end users , works with

all TCP applications and does not require any modifications to end
client and servers.
IMPORTANT FEATURES
 Easy Installation:- This technology provides easy
installation into any standard TCP/IP network.
 High Performance:- The Sky X Gateway enhances

the performance of Internet,Intranet,Extranet,private
network or any other TCP/IP connections over
satellite links.
 4.45 Mbps Capacity:-The Sky X acclerator XH45 is

designed for satellite links upto 45 Mbps.The XH45
can also be used in combination with multiple XR10
units as the hub configuration.
WHY DO WE NEED SKY X TECHNOLOGY ?
 The internet protocols are not optimized for satellite conditions and
consequently the throughput over the satellite networks is restricted to
only a fraction of available bandwidth.
 Thus,we need Sky X Technology to overcome these restrictions and to

access maximum bandwidth.
WORKING:-
 The Sky X works by transparently replacing TCP connections from
the client and converting the data to Xpress Transport Protocol(XTP)
which is the protocol optimized for satellite conditions.
 Sky X Gateway works by intercepting the TCP connection from the

client and converting the data to the Xpress Transport Protocol(XTP)
for transmission over satellite.
 The Sky X gateway on the opposite side of the satellite link

translates the data back to TCP for communication with the server.
 The 2 Sky X gateways pass control data between each other
allowing the Sky X gateway on the opposite side of the satellite to
appear to be the orginal source or destination device.
 This architecture remains transparent to the end user
and fully compactable with the internet infrastructure.
 No changes are required to the client or server and all

applications continue to function without modification.
 This architecture is also referred to as TCP

Performance Enhancing Proxy (TCP-PEP).
 The Sky X splits the single TCP connection into three
separate components.They are
1. A TCP connection on the remote side between the
client and the Sky gateway.
2. An XTP connection involving Sky X protocol over the
satellite between the 2 Sky X gateways
3. A TCP connection bewteen the opposite Sky X
gateway and server.
 This architecture maintains full TCP reliability and end
to end flow control.
XPRESS TRANSPORT
PROTOCOL(XTP)
 XTP is a reliable,transport layer protocol specifically designed to
operate efficiently over high speed networks and offers a level of
peformance not possible with TCP on long latency,high loss satellite
links.
 XTP is an open standard developed by the XTP Forum, a non profit
organization composed of networking protocol
researchers,implementers and user organizations.
SKY X ACCELERATOR
 When TCP protocol design limitations ,high latency and

lost packets threaten application connection speed,Sky X
Acclerator ramps flow,fully utilizes links and keeps data
moving along.
 It acclerates file transfers,optimize application

performance over high latency and satellite links.
 It increases link utilization on WAN links.
 Maximum bandwidth utilization and minimise

retransmission and recover more quickly from errors.
EFFECT OF LINK SPEED AND TCP
WINDOW SIZE ON THROUGHPUT
 A default window size of 8 KB limits TCP throughput to less

than100 Kbps over satellite.For a server operating systems using a
32KB window,TCP is only able to reach a throughput of 440Kbps.
 Sky X gateway overcomes this limitation taking full advantage of the
available bandwidth regardless of the window size of the
 Graph:
EFFECT OF BIT ERROR RATE ON
THROUGHPUT
 The Sky X system overcomes the high sensitivity of TCP to the bit
error rate of the link.
 The graph below shows the throughput as a function of the bit error
rate for a 10Mbps satellite link using a 1mb TCP window.even at
low error rates TCP is able to deliver only 1.5 Mbps.
 Sky X fully saturates the link at low error rates and at even an error
rate of 10^-5,TCP achieves 5.1 Mbps.
 Graph
ADVANTAGES
 Increases web performance 3 times faster
 Doesn’t require any modifications to end client and

servers.
 Sky X gateway provides fast,efficient ,fully reliable

multicast file transfers.
 The Sky gateway offers high levels of performance even

at bit error rates that reduce TCP performance to near
zero.
APPLICATIONS
 The Sky X gateway combines protocol,application and system level

enhancements to provide maximum throughput for satellite
networks.
 The Sky X protocol utilizes a highly effcient selective retransmission
algorithm for the acknowledgement of data.
 Sky X products include HTTP sepcific optimizations to further
accelerate web downloads.
FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
 A product called XIPLINK which is under developing will replace the

Sky X.
 It is very much the same as the Sky X with extra capabilities.
 It optimize all TCP/IP traffic,basically the link itself.

CONCLUSION
 Thus,Sky X T echnology is best suited for satellite communication
using XTP protocol and Sky X gateway.
 The Sky X system of a satellite network allows users to take full

advantage of the available bandwidth.
 It gives all features required for successful data transmission.

BIBILIOGRAPHY
 The Xpress Transfer Protocol-A Paper by Robert M.Sandres and

Alfred C.Weaver University of Virginia ,weaver[at]virginia.edu.
 www.wikipedia.com
 www.intel.com
THANKYOU!!!

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SKY X

 The Sky X technology replaces TCP over satellite link with a

 Adding the Sky X system to a satellite network allows users to

 The Sky X increases web performance by 3 times or more and file

 The Sky X solution is entirely transparent to end users , works with

 High Performance:- The Sky X Gateway enhances

 4.45 Mbps Capacity:-The Sky X acclerator XH45 is

 Thus,we need Sky X Technology to overcome these restrictions and to

 Sky X Gateway works by intercepting the TCP connection from the

 The Sky X gateway on the opposite side of the satellite link

 No changes are required to the client or server and all

 This architecture is also referred to as TCP

 When TCP protocol design limitations ,high latency and

 It acclerates file transfers,optimize application

 It increases link utilization on WAN links.

 Maximum bandwidth utilization and minimise

 A default window size of 8 KB limits TCP throughput to less

 Doesn’t require any modifications to end client and

 Sky X gateway provides fast,efficient ,fully reliable

 The Sky gateway offers high levels of performance even

 The Sky X gateway combines protocol,application and system level

 A product called XIPLINK which is under developing will replace the

 It optimize all TCP/IP traffic,basically the link itself.

 The Sky X system of a satellite network allows users to take full

 It gives all features required for successful data transmission.

 The Xpress Transfer Protocol-A Paper by Robert M.Sandres and

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