Farm Electricity

Farm Electricity and its use
 Irrigation
 Drainage
 Farm Fencing
 Threshing of crops
 Production of good quality of seed (post harvest
and plant protection)
 Rural Industry
 Mechanization of Dairy farm
 Poultry development
 mechanization of aquaculture farm
 Productive efficiency
 Farmer’s Standard of Living.
Electrical Terms
Conductance: The reciprocal of resistance is called
conductance G = 1/R
 Insulator: (high resistance to electricity)
 Ohm’s law: (D.C circuit) I = V /R
 Resistance in series: Same current flow
V = v1+ v2 + v3 = i * r1 + i * r2 + i * r3 = i * (r1+ r2 + r3)
Since, V = i * R
R = (r1+ r2 + r3)
 Resistance in Parallel: Same voltage flow.
Single phase system: An A.C electrical system
involving only a voltage and its associated current
 Electromotive force (e.m.f): Voltage is the
difference in concentration of electrons between the
negative and positive terminals of a power supply source
 Generation of electricity: (based upon Faraday’s
law of electromagnetic induction)
 First law: when a current flows along a conductor, it
produces a magnetic field along the conductor which is
capable of acting upon by other magnetic Field.
 Second Law: when a current moves to cut the
line of magnetic flux, and electromotive force is
produced in the conductor. This electromotive
force causes generation of electricity.
Generation of Voltage
voltage is generated in a conductor if the
conductor is moved across a magnetic field that it
cuts magnetic lines.
 Consequently a potential difference (emf) exists
at the terminals of the conducer. which is
proportional to the rate of change of flux linkage.
 When terminal are connected to form a closed
circuit, an electric current starts flowing in the
circuit.
 ABCD is a magnetic field produced by
permanent magnet or electromagnet. The two ends
of the coil are joined to slip-rings ‘a’ and ‘b’. Two
collecting brushes press against the slip-rings.
Generator
 A machine to produce current electricity by
cutting lines of forces with a conductor
.
 D.C. generator consists of: Frame, Pole shoes,

Field coils, Armature, Commutator, Bearing and
Brushes
Current is passed through these coils, they
electro-magnetize the poles which produce flux.
 armature coil and causes to rotate and hence cut
the magnetic flux of the field magnets
 Commutator helps in collection of current from
armature conductors. It converts induced
alternating current of armature into direct current
ALTERNATOR
 A.C generator is called Alternator. It consists of an
armature winding and magnetic field.
Armature windings are mounted on a stationary element
called Stator and field windings are mounted on rotating
element called Rotor.
 The rotor has alternate north and south poles fixed to its
outer rim.
 Magnetic poles are excited from DC current, supplied by a
DC source.
 The conductors of the stator are cut by the magnetic flux
when the rotor is in motion and hence emf is induced which
flows first in one direction and then in another.
 Here commutator is not needed.
Dynamo
The function of the dynamo is to:
•Supply the electrical current needed by the vehicle or
tractor.
•Keep the battery in a charged condition.
 consists of a coil of wire known as armature which
is rotated between the magnetic poles.
 As the armature rotates, voltage is generated and
this is carried to the commutator.
Consists of brushes that rub against the
commutator and pass the current to the wires of the
electrical circuits.
Electric Motor
 Electric motor is a machine which converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy
 It consists of armature coil and field coil. When
armature coil are supplied with current from supply
line, field magnets are excited and experience a force,
tending to rotate the armature
 These forces collectively produce a twisting effect
or torque causes the armature to rotate uniformly,
produces a second magnetic field with north and
south poles, perpendicular to armature loop but
north pole of magnetic field attracts the south pole of
armature and since the loop is free, it starts revolving
D.C. Motor
 Motor which receives its supply of electrical energy
from a direct current voltage. D.C. motor mainly
consists of: Armature (Rotating parts) and Field coil
 The current is conducted in armature winding
which is achieved by connecting leads from the
armature winding to the commutator and brushes.
 The field magnet consists of a circular yoke with
inwardly projecting poles, the polarity of which is
alternately north and south poles. Suitable coils are
wound round the circular yoke.
 D.C. motor is of three classes depending upon the
modes of winding
A.C. MOTORS
A.C. motors are those motors which run on
alternating current. A.C. motor can be classed as:
Induction motor
Synchronous motor, and Series type motor.
Induction motor
 Induction motor is the most popular type of motor,
used in agricultural purposes. According to the source
of power, the motors are commonly divided into two
groups’ i.e. single phase motor and three phase motor
 current in the starter, produces a rotating flux
which induces a current in the winding of the rotor
thus producing necessary torque.
Synchronous Motor.
 It run at an exact speed for all loads. If the load is increased
to a predetermined value, the motor stops.
 It is usually used in industries. This type of motor usually
requires a D.C. source for exciting the field poles.
A.C. Series Motor
A.C. series motor has brushes, a commutator and a D.C.
type Wound rotor.
 Rotor is usually connected in series with the stator
Winding. The torque is developed because of the interaction
between rotor current and field flux.
 They do not depend upon the rotating magnetic field. These
motors give high starting torque, variable speed and constant
horse power output.
 There are three main considerations according to
which electric motor are selected:
•According to the horse power
If equipment can be successfully operated by a man, 1/4 hp
electric motor is chosen.
(b) If one hp petrol engine is to be replaced, 2/3 hp electric
motor can be used easily.
•According to the starting requirements
Equipment that require very high starting torque and
motors which give high starting torque should be selected
for these machines.
•According to working condition
working condition includes the items such as:
(a) Enclosures (b) Bearings (c) Type of base (d) Method of
overload protection
 It may be fully enclosed or open roof type
enclosures.
Usually ball bearings are used where lubrication is
difficult. Sleeve type bearings may also be used
because of its cheapness.
 Bases may be rigid type or non-rigid type. For less
than 3 hp motors
Overload protection is usually of four types:
(а)Built in over load protection (b) Time delay fuse
(c)Manually operated switch (d) Magnetic switch
first two types are used up to 1 hp motor, third type
is used for 1 to 3 hp motors and last is recommended
for 3 to 5 hp motors
MAINTENANCE OF MOTOR
Voltage: voltage available at motor terminals should be 10%
of rated voltage of motor on load.
Frequency: variation in frequency should be limited to 5%
above or below standard frequency.
Temperature: ambient temperature should not exceed 40°C
for motor of standard design.
Atmosospheric condition: Motor should be protected
from dust, moisture and excessive humidity.
Drive: It should be maintained in proper condition.
Load. Load should not exceed the rated load, otherwise it
may harm the motors to a great extent.
Grounding. Motor should be grounded, if required in
accordance with the electric supply code.
Lubrication: Proper lubricants should be used at
specified intervals. Dust and dirt should be cleaned
first and then lubricants be used according to
requirement.
Overload and low voltage protection: Usually motors
get damaged due to overloads as well as low voltage
supply and hence proper arrangement of overload
protection must be provided. The over current device
may be a time delay fuse, a current breaker or a
heater coil.
Types of Pumps
1.Centrifugal pump 2. Vertical turbine pump
3. Submersible pump 4. Propeller pump
5. Jet pump and 6. Reciprocating pump
Centrifugal pump is a rotary machine in which
an impeller rotates inside a casing, draws in the
liquid at its centre (eye) and throws out the liquid
through an opening at the side of the casing due to
centrifugal force

Farm Electricity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Farm Electricity

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Farm Electricity

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Farm Electricity and its use

 D.C. generator consists of: Frame, Pole shoes,

You might also like